pH-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles for the Delivery of a Self-Amplifying ROS-Activatable Prodrug.

The objective of this study is to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT) via a nanoparticle (NP) formulation using a novel amphiphilic biopolymer. We have designed a dimeric prodrug of CPT with the ability to self-amplify and respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this, we incorporated the intracellular ROS generator cinnamaldehyde into a ROS-cleavable thioacetal (TA) linker to obtain the dimeric prodrug of CPT (DCPT(TA)).

3D Printing of Bioceramic Scaffolds-Barriers to the Clinical Translation: From Promise to Reality, and Future Perspectives.

In this review, we summarize the challenges of the three-dimensional (3D) printing of porous bioceramics and their translational hurdles to clinical applications. The state-of-the-art of the major 3D printing techniques (powder-based and slurry-based), their limitations and key processing parameters are discussed in detail. The significant roadblocks that prevent implementation of 3D printed bioceramics in tissue engineering strategies, and medical applications are outlined, and the future directions where new research may overcome the limitations are proposed.