Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: To systematically review the literature with regard to the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP).

Method: A systematic review of the literature of observational studies for PRP was undertaken using five electronic databases. Any studies reporting prevalence, incidence and risk factors of PRP were collected.

Shrinking lung syndrome as a presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a female Kuwaiti.

The shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) is a rare manifestation in patients with established systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only two cases have been reported in which this syndrome was the presenting manifestation of SLE. We describe a 21-year-old female Kuwaiti who presented with SLS.

Ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis in Kuwait: a comparison between Arabs and South Asians.

The objectives of this study were to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA) in Middle East Arab (MEA) and South Asian (SA) patients diagnosed in our unit. Fifty-eight consecutive patients diagnosed with SpA were studied after classifying them into MEA and SA. They were further classified as per disease diagnosis.

First report of supraventricular tachycardia after intravenous pulse methylprednisolone therapy, with a brief review of the literature.

The occurrence of supraventricular tachycardia after high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (HIVMPT) in a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis is described for the first time. This case report further expands the range of arrhythmias that can occur with HIVMPT. Other arrhythmias previously reported to occur after HIVMPT include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, junctional rhythm, and ventricular tachycardia.