Robust Rain-Repellency and Droplet Bouncing Properties of Fresh and Aged Leaves Up to 6 Months.

Robust rain-repellent surfaces are useful in roofs, solar panels, windshields, etc. Herein, excellent rain-repellency and droplet bouncing properties of leaves are presented. They possess surface microbumps ( ∼ 13 μm, ∼ 8 μm, ∼ 3 μm), which in turn comprise nanoplatelets ( ∼ 741 nm, ∼ 59 nm) and Wenzel roughness ( ) of ∼2.

Reduced estrogen in menopause may predispose women to takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (apical ballooning syndrome) has been reported with increased frequency, most commonly in postmenopausal women. Despite the gender disparity, no clear link between estrogen and its possible cardioprotective effects has been shown.

Objectives: We present a case series of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in women and examine the prevalence of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), in addition to conducting a systematic literature review on this topic.