A Guide to Genome-Wide Association Study Design for Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication related to diabetes. There is evidence that genetics play an important role in DR pathogenesis, but the complexity of the disease makes genetic studies a challenge. This chapter is a practical overview of the basic steps for genome-wide association studies with respect to DR and its associated traits.

Predictive factors for treatment outcomes with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema in clinical practice.

Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are the standard of care for diabetic macular edema (DME), a common complication of diabetes. This study aimed to identify factors influencing DME intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment outcomes in real-world practice.

Methods: This was a multi-center retrospective observational study using medical chart review of participants receiving anti-VEGF injections for DME (N = 248).

Identifying Genetic Biomarkers Predicting Response to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections in Diabetic Macular Edema.

Intraocular anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are the front-line treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME); however, treatment response varies widely. This study aimed to identify genetic determinants associated with anti-VEGF treatment response in DME. We performed a genome-wide association study on 220 Australian patients with DME treated with anti-VEGF therapy, genotyped on the Illumina Global Screening Array, and imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel.

The effect of insulin on response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To assess whether insulin therapy impacts the effectiveness of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a retrospective multi-center analysis. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 12 months, BCVA change, central macular thickness (CMT), CMT change, and cumulative injection number were compared between the insulin and the oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) groups.

Comparing vision and macular thickness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular oedema and retinal vein occlusion patients treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections in clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the visual outcomes of intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in a real-world setting.

Methods And Analysis: Retrospective analysis of data from the Tasmanian Ophthalmic Biobank database. The median change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between baseline and 12 months post initiating intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment were compared between the three diseases.

Identifying Genetic Risk Factors for Diabetic Macular Edema and the Response to Treatment.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR is complex and the term encompasses several clinical subtypes of diabetic eye disease, including diabetic macular edema (DME), the most frequent cause of central vision loss in DR patients. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathophysiology of DR and its subtypes.

Iatrogenic retinal detachment secondary to inadvertent subretinal injection during posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection.

To report a case of iatrogenic retinal detachment due to inadvertent globe penetration during posterior sub-Tenon injection A 65-year-old female was given posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide for pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema. The globe was inadvertently perforated with superior macula off retinal detachment. She underwent immediate pars plana vitrectomy but failed to regain significant vision improvement.

Spontaneous formation and closure of full thickness macular hole in a vitrecto-mised eye : a case report.

The exact pathogenesis of macular hole (MH) is controversial with most of the cases being idiopathic. Trauma is an important cause of secondary MH formation. MH post Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) is an even rare entity with only a handful of cases reported so far ( Kumagai et al, 2008; Smiddy W.

A unique case of valsalva retinopathy in a conch blower.

Purpose: Valsalva hemorrhagic retinopathy is a form of preretinal hemorrhage that develops after a valsalva maneuver, leading to rupture of the superficial retinal capillaries. Here, we report a case of valsalva retinopathy secondary to blowing a conch, the first case report of its kind. The patient blew conch, which was part of his daily ritual to pray to God as he was a Hindu priest.

Visual outcome and early complications of sutureless and glueless scleral fixated intraocular lens.

Introduction: In the absence of capsular support, anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), iris fixated IOL and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation have been performed for many years. Recently sutureless glued SFIOL have been used as a primary or secondary procedure to correct aphakia. In this study we have used sutureless and glueless technique of SFIOL implantation.