High-grade transformation in adenoid cystic carcinoma: Can it be diagnosed on cytology? A cytohistological correlation.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC) are distinctive salivary gland neoplasms with characteristic histomorphology. The diagnosis of dedifferentiation/high-grade transformation (HGT) indicates poor prognosis and is most often made on histopathology. We present a case of ADCC arising from a minor salivary gland tumor exhibiting HGT, reaching up to the submandibular gland and having lymph node metastases, suspected on fine-needle aspiration cytology.

The cytological diagnosis of pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage.

Objectives: Immunosuppressed individuals are more prone for opportunistic infections. pneumonia (PJP), previously known as pneumonia (PCP), is the most common opportunistic infection affecting people living with HIV. As PJP can cause life threatening serious infection to a patient, treatment should not be delayed for these cases.

Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Adult Granulosa Cell Tumors: an Immunohistochemistry-based Preliminary Study.

Objective: Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) are rare ovarian malignant neoplasms; their etiopathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unelucidated. Lately, defects in mismatch repair (MMR) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AGCTs. Demonstration of MMR deficiency in these tumors can help identify patients potentially eligible for immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of solid pancreatic head lesions: a prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic head lesions (SPHL).

Methods: This prospective study comprised consecutive patients with SPHL who underwent CEUS evaluation of the pancreas. Findings recorded at CEUS were enhancement patterns (degree, completeness, centripetal enhancement, and percentage enhancement) and presence of central vessels.

Cytomorphological spectrum of metastatic bone tumors: Experience at a tertiary care center.

Objectives: Bone is a frequent site of metastases and typically indicates a short-term prognosis in cancer patients. The majority of skeletal metastases are due to breast and prostate cancer. Bone metastasis is actually much more common than primary bone cancers, especially in adults.

Should Liquid Based Cytology (LBC) be Applied to Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Samples?: Comparative Analysis of Conventional and LBC Smears.

Context: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a cyto-preparatory technique that may be applied to fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples. However, its efficacy over conventional smears (CS) in thyroid is controversial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare CS versus LBC (SurePath, BD) preparations in thyroid FNA samples for diagnostic efficacy.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Lymphoma Based on Cytomorphology Alone: How Accurate is it? - A Cyto-Histopathology Correlative Study.

Context: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a rapid and accurate first-line diagnostic modality in lymphadenopathy.

Aims: To determine the utility of FNAC for the diagnosis of lymphoma and highlight the various pitfalls in morphological interpretation.

Settings And Design: This was a retrospective study of 3 years duration in which cytology diagnosis was compared with the follow-up histopathology diagnosis wherever available.

Detection of ALK Gene Rearrangements in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Immunocytochemistry and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization on Cytologic Samples.

Objective: Determination of the molecular status is mandatory for personalized treatment of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. The present study was performed to detect anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements in pulmonary adenocarcinoma on cytology samples, using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on cell-blocks to assess the diagnostic reliability of these two techniques.

Material And Method: A total of 50 confirmed lung adenocarcinoma cases were included.

Cytology of peritoneal implants of borderline serous tumor of ovaries in ascitic fluid.

Objectives: Peritoneal fluid cytology is done routinely in cases with serous carcinoma of ovary. However, morphologic features of borderline serous tumors (BSTs) of ovary in ascitic fluid have been rarely described. The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphologic features of BST with and without ascitic fluid involvement (BST+ and BST-, respectively) and compare with those of serous carcinomas, both in conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) smears.

Cytomorphological features of cervical small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in SurePath™ liquid-based cervical samples.

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the cervix is a rare, highly aggressive tumour with poor prognosis and high propensity for distant metastases. The cytological features of SCNEC have rarely been described in cervical samples, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports using SurePath™ liquid-based cytology. In the present report we present the cytomorphological features of histopathologically confirmed cases of cervical SCNEC in SurePath preparations.

Steroid Cell Tumor of the Ovary Presenting with Ascites: A Rare Neoplasm in a Postmenopausal Woman.

Steroid cell tumors of the ovary are rare sex-cord stromal tumors, accounting for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms. Majority of these tumors are benign, occur in pre-menopausal women and are associated with hyperandrogenism.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of ovarian masses: Assessment of diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification using a categorical reporting system.

Introduction: The present study was undertaken to assess the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and cell-block immunocytochemistry, and to estimate the risk of malignancy, using a categorical reporting system, in the diagnosis of ovarian masses.

Methods: This was a 5-year retrospective study of FNAs of ovarian masses. The cytological diagnoses were categorised as inadequate, non-neoplastic, benign neoplasms, indeterminate for malignancy, suspicious for malignancy and malignant neoplasms.

Application of Indian Academy of Cytologists Guidelines for Reporting Serous Effusions: An Institutional Experience.

Background: Recently, the Indian Academy of Cytologists (IAC) has published the guidelines for interpretation and reporting of serous effusions. Till date, there are no studies on its applicability.

Aims: The present study was carried out to assess the feasibility of applying the IAC reporting categories to effusions, determine the frequency, and provide an estimate of the risk of malignancy (ROM) for individual diagnostic categories.

Assessment of risk of malignancy by application of the proposed Sydney system for classification and reporting lymph node cytopathology.

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most commonly used techniques for evaluating lymphadenopathy. Recently, the Sydney system was proposed for assessing the performance, classification, and reporting of lymph node (LN) cytopathology. The present study was conducted to assess the risk of malignancy associated with each of the diagnostic categories of the proposed Sydney system.

Molecular Testing for and Mutations from Cytoscrapes of Thyroid Fine Needle Aspirates: A Single-Center Pilot Study.

Context And Aim: Molecular testing of thyroid FNA has been advocated in the indeterminate categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) 2018. The utility of cytoscrapes of thyroid FNA samples for V600E and mutations was evaluated in this pilot study.

Methods And Materials: Thyroid FNA samples between 2015 and 2018 from TBSRTC categories 3-6 were included.

Diagnostic accuracy and cytomorphological spectrum of Wilms tumour in fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology samples supplemented with cell blocks.

Objective: Paediatric malignant renal neoplasms are subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as per Societe Internationale d'Oncologie Pediatrique; International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocol. An accurate tissue diagnosis is required prior to institution of chemotherapy, and hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) along with cell block histology.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective audit of all paediatric renal neoplasms diagnosed by FNABC between 2015 and 2019 was performed.

Lymphoreticular malignancies in serous effusions: Cytomorphologic, flow cytometric and immunocytochemical analysis.

Introduction: Involvement of body fluids by lymphoreticular malignancies (LRM) is rare and often associated with poor prognosis and decreased overall survival. The present study was conducted to analyze the characteristic cytomorphologic, flow cytometric and immunocytochemical features of LRMs in serous effusions.

Materials And Methods: This was a three-year retrospective study.

Immunotyping in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma by PD-L1 and CD8+ T-lymphocytes predicts disease-free survival.

PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor expression was evaluated in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) ovary in the context of the overall immune landscape to determine its prognostic value. Consecutive cases of HGSC, 50 who underwent upfront surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (HGSC-U) and 50 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (HGSC-PC) were selected. In HGSC-PC cases, the pre-NACT ascitic fluid cell blocks were included.