Chemical reactions with the Casson nanofluid flow by the bioconvective behavior of microorganisms over a spinning disc.

This study examines the behavior of the Casson nanofluid bioconvection flow around a spinning disc under various influences, including gyrotactic microorganisms, multiple slips, and thermal radiation. Notably, it accounts for the reversible nature of the flow and incorporates the esterification process. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of reversible chemical reactions on the flow behavior of a Casson nanofluid in the presence of bioconvective microorganisms over a spinning disc.

Does a Single Episode of Pain from Impacted Third Molars Necessitate Their Removal?

Background: Pericoronitis induces oxidative stress in the dental follicular (DF) tissue, which can lead to histopathological alterations. It is a fact that an impacted tooth with a history of recurrent pericoronitis should be extracted. But there is a limited research on the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in DF tissues of impacted mandibular third molars with even a single episode of pain, necessitating their removal biochemically at a younger age.

Early empiric antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients: results from the international VIRUS registry.

Objectives: COVID-19 escalated inappropriate antibiotic use. We determined the distribution of pathogens causing community-acquired co-infections, the rate, and factors associated with early empiric antibiotic (EEAB) treatment among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) COVID-19 Registry including 68,428 patients from 28 countries enrolled between January 2020 and October 2021 were screened.

Association of Early Steroid Administration With Outcomes of Children Hospitalized for COVID-19 Without Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Importance: There is limited evidence for therapeutic options for pediatric COVID-19 outside of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Objective: To determine whether the use of steroids within 2 days of admission for non-MIS-C COVID-19 in children is associated with hospital length of stay (LOS). The secondary objective was to determine their association with intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, inflammation, and fever defervescence.

Pre-hospital Aspirin Use and Patient Outcomes in COVID-19: Results from the International Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS).

Introduction: The goal of this investigation is to assess the association between prehospital use of aspirin (ASA) and patient-centered outcomes in a large global cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This study utilizes data from the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study (VIRUS) Registry. Adult patients hospitalized from February 15th, 2020, to September 30th, 2021, were included.

A randomized controlled study to compare first stick success with Instaflash technology: The FIRSST study.

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are frequently used in clinical settings for intravenous access. Multiple attempts of PIVC insertions leads to patient discomfort, delay in treatment, associated complications, and extensive expenditure cost. Reduced number of attempts causes patient/nursing personnel satisfaction and expenditure costs.

Patterns Among Healthcare Workers of Bangalore About Face Mask Usage: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Introduction: Face masks prevent acute respiratory infections. Healthcare workers are prone to infections owing to their direct and constant exposure to infected patients. This pioneering study in Bangalore city, analyzed the awareness and attitude of healthcare staff toward using a face mask.

Perception of Hospital Accreditation Impact among Quality Management Professionals in India: A Survey-Based Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Accreditation ensures the standard of healthcare, yet accreditation effects on service quality are much debated. Some perceive it as improving quality and organizational performance, whereas others see it as overly bureaucratic and time-consuming, so adding it has limited advantage. The aim of the present study was to understand the perception of hospital staff working in quality management (i.

Phase II Trial of Ipilimumab with Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Disease: Outcomes, Toxicities, and Low-Dose Radiation-Related Abscopal Responses.

Ipilimumab is effective for patients with melanoma, but not for those with less immunogenic tumors. We report a phase II trial of ipilimumab with concurrent or sequential stereotactic ablative radiotherapy to metastatic lesions in the liver or lung (NCT02239900). Ipilimumab (every 3 weeks for 4 doses) was given with radiotherapy begun during the first dose (concurrent) or 1 week after the second dose (sequential) and delivered as 50 Gy in 4 fractions or 60 Gy in 10 fractions to metastatic liver or lung lesions.

Phase I Trial of Pembrolizumab and Radiation Therapy after Induction Chemotherapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Intruduction: Radiation and immunotherapy have separately been shown to confer survival advantages to patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ESCLC), but failure rates remain high and combination therapy has been understudied. In this single-arm phase I trial (NCT02402920), we assessed the safety of combining pembrolizumab with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) after induction chemotherapy for SCLC.

Methods: Patients with ESCLC who had completed chemotherapy received TRT with pembrolizumab.

Accumulation of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in the nuclei of lung cancer cells mediates radiation resistance.

We have previously demonstrated that radiation induced cell death in PKR (-/-) deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) but not in PKR (+/+) wild type MEFs. Our study indicated that PKR can also be involved in survival pathways following radiation therapy through activation of the AKT survival pathways in these MEFs is mediated in part through PKR. The role of PKR on radiation sensitivity in cancer cells has not been evaluated.

TRIP12 as a mediator of human papillomavirus/p16-related radiation enhancement effects.

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have better responses to radiotherapy and higher overall survival rates than do patients with HPV-negative HNSCC, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. p16 is used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection. Our goal was to examine the role of p16 in HPV-related favorable treatment outcomes and to investigate the mechanisms by which p16 may regulate radiosensitivity.

Inhibition of P-TEFb by DRB suppresses SIRT1/CK2α pathway and enhances radiosensitivity of human cancer cells.

Background: Positive transcription elongation factor-b (P-TEFb) is a complex containing CDK9 and a cyclin (T1, T2 or K). The effect of inhibition of P-TEFb by 5,6-dichloro-l-β-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (DRB) on cell radiosensitivity and the underlying mechanisms were investigated.

Materials And Methods: Six human cancer cell lines were subjected to (3)H-uridine incorporation, cell viability and clonogenic cell survival assays; cell-cycle redistribution and apoptosis assay; western blots and nuclear 53BP1 foci analysis after exposing the cells to DRB with/without γ-radiation.

Zerumbone increases oxidative stress in a thiol-dependent ROS-independent manner to increase DNA damage and sensitize colorectal cancer cells to radiation.

Locally advanced rectal cancers are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery. In a minority (~20%) of patients, no tumor is present at the time of surgery; these patients with a complete pathologic response (pathCR) to neoadjuvant therapy have better treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, the inherent radioresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells dictates that the majority of patients do not achieve a pathCR.

Inhibition of EGFR or IGF-1R signaling enhances radiation response in head and neck cancer models but concurrent inhibition has no added benefit.

Interaction between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has been well established in many cancer types. We investigated the effects of cetuximab (EGFR antibody) and IMC-A12 (IGF-1R antibody) on the response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to radiation therapy (RT). The effects of cetuximab and IMC-A12 on cell viability and radiosensitivity were determined by clonogenic cell survival assay.

Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor increased radiation sensitivity by interfering with nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor and by blocking DNA repair pathways.

Background And Purpose: Although inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling during radiation led to improvement of tumor control and survival, novel strategies are needed to further improve the outcome of patients with locally advanced head and neck carcinoma. Because EGFR is known to interact with c-Src kinases, the present study investigated dasatinib (BMS-354825), an inhibitor of c-Src kinases, for its efficacy in enhancing radiosensitivity of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in vitro and examined the underlying mechanisms for this effect.

Materials And Methods: Six HNSCC lines were exposed to dasatinib, radiation, or both, and assessed for c-Src and EGFR expression, cell survival and colony forming ability.

A case of 9p deletion syndrome with Duane retraction syndrome.

The chromosome 9p deletion syndrome is a rare but specific clinical event. The clinical manifestations include dysmorphic facial features (trigonocephaly, midface hypoplasia, upward slanting palpebral fissures, and a long philtrum) and psychomotor retardation. Here we report a child with chromosome 9p deletion with Duane retraction syndrome, which has never been reported in the literature before.

The impact of timing of EGFR and IGF-1R inhibition for sensitizing head and neck cancer to radiation.

Background: Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) improved radiotherapy outcome by 10-15% in head and neck tumors (HNSCC). We tested the therapeutic benefits of co-targeting EGFR and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) to further enhance tumor response to radiation.

Materials And Methods: Mice bearing FaDu tumor xenografts were treated with ganitumab (previously known as AMG479, an anti-IGF-1R antibody), panitumumab (an anti-EGFR antibody), or both in combination with fractionated doses of radiation.

C-Met inhibitor MK-8003 radiosensitizes c-Met-expressing non-small-cell lung cancer cells with radiation-induced c-Met-expression.

Introduction: The radiation doses used to treat unresectable lung cancer are often limited by the proximity of normal tissues. Overexpression of c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, occurs in about half of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and has been associated with resistance to radiation therapy and poor patient survival. We hypothesized that inhibiting c-Met would increase the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to radiation, enhancing the therapeutic ratio, which may potentially translate into improved local control.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in cancer treatment.

Recent research on inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has demonstrated their potential for improving cancer therapy. They inhibit protein poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation and thus affect numerous molecular and cellular functions, including DNA repair and cell survival, that are critical for such physiological and patho-physiological states as carcinogenesis, inflammation, and resistance to cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the biological basis underlying the use of these agents in cancer therapy, providing data from preclinical studies that demonstrate the synergistic interaction of PARP inhibitors with radiation and chemotherapeutics.

Delineating an epigenetic continuum for initiation, transformation and progression to breast cancer.

Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is a hallmark of human cancers and is an early event in carcinogenesis. We examined whether promoter hypermethylation contributes to the pathogenesis of benign breast lesions along a progression continuum to invasive breast cancer. The exploratory study cohort comprised 17 breast cancer patients with multiple benign and/or in situ lesions concurrently present with invasive carcinoma within a tumor biopsy.

Huachansu, containing cardiac glycosides, enhances radiosensitivity of human lung cancer cells.

Aim: To assess radiosensitzing potential of huachansu (HCS) and delineate the underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Lung cancer cell lines were exposed to HCS, radiation or both and subjected to survival assays, Western blots, apoptosis assay and immunocytochemical analysis.

Results: HCS suppressed the viability of all three lung lines tested and enhanced radiosensitivity of H460 and A549 (wild-type p53) only with no effect on H1299 (p53 null) cells.

DNA repair biomarker profiling of head and neck cancer: Ku80 expression predicts locoregional failure and death following radiotherapy.

Purpose: Radiotherapy plays an integral role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Although proteins involved in DNA repair may predict HNSCC response to radiotherapy, none has been validated in this context. We examined whether differential expression of double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair proteins in HNSCC, the chief mediators of DNA repair following irradiation, predict for treatment outcomes.