Comparative RNA isolation methods from fresh ejaculated spermatozoa in Sahiwal cattle () and Murrah buffalo () bulls for high quality and enhanced RNA yield.

Sperm mRNA transcriptional profiling can be used to evaluate the fertility of breeding bulls. The aim of the study was to compare the modified RNA isolation methods for higher RNA yield and quality from freshly ejaculated sperm of cattle and buffalo bulls. Ten fresh ejaculates from each Sahiwal ( = 10 bulls × 10 ejaculates) and Murrah bulls (n = 10 bulls x 10 ejaculates) were used for RNA isolation.

Bovine reproductive immunoinfertility: pathogenesis and immunotherapy.

Infertility is one of the primary factors for cattle reproduction in the present scenario. Reproduction-related immunoinfertility mainly involves immunization against the antigens related to reproductive hormones (LHRH, GnRH, Gonadal steroids, PGF2α and oxytocin), spermatozoa, seminal plasma and ovum. Anovulation, delayed ovulation, sperm immobilization, failure of fertilization, prolonged uterine involution, extended calving interval, prolonged post-partum estrus and reduced conception rate could be a result of immunoinfertility that occur due to the blockage of receptor site by antibodies formed against hormones, sperm and ovum.

Zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles can improve semen quality and heat shock protein expression in cryopreserved goat (Capra hircus) spermatozoa.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly linked with oxidative stress (OS) generated during the process of sperm cryopreservation. Indeed, cellular damage from ROS has been implicated during sperm cryopreservation which causes deterioration in sperm quality and antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs) have been successful in preventing such damage. The interaction of NPs with sperm cells has been less frequently explored in farm animals.

Optimized addition of nitric oxide compounds in semen extender improves post-thaw seminal attributes of Murrah buffaloes.

Semen dilution and cryopreservation alter the homogeneity of seminal plasma, resulting in a non-physiological redox milieu and consequently poor sperm functionality. Considering the concentration-specific bimodal action of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of sperm functions, cryopreservation media supplemented with optimized concentrations can improve the semen attributes. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding an optimized concentration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in an extender on in vitro semen quality.

Effect of over dilution of semen with tris extender on motion and functional attributes of bull spermatozoa during cryopreservation.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of over dilution of semen with tris extender on motion and functional attributes of bull sperm post-thaw. Ejaculates (n = 24; mass motility ≥3+) were collected from bulls (n = 4) using artificial vagina, diluted to 20, 15, 10 and 5 million spermatozoa/0.25 ml, and cryopreserved.

Bimodal interplay of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in physiology and pathophysiology of bovine sperm function.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the mediators of redox activity and are known to perform concentration-specific bimodal roles. At lower concentrations, serves as a molecular messenger and signaling molecule while at higher concentrations induces stress which in turn alters the sperm's functional characteristics. Production of ROS and RNS cannot be prevented entirely and should not be followed as a pragmatic approach as they are involved in numerous sperm physiological functions.

Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin attenuates dilution effect and improves quality of bovine low sperm insemination doses during cryopreservation.

In the present study, the effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on the quality of low sperm doses at post-thaw was evaluated. Twenty four ejaculates (6 from each bull) were collected and split into eight aliquots. First four aliquots were diluted up to 20-, 15-, 10- and 5-million sperm/0.

Implications of cryopreservation on structural and functional attributes of bovine spermatozoa: An overview.

Sperm cryopreservation is an important adjunct to assisted reproduction techniques (ART) for improving the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle and buffaloes. Improved understanding of mechanisms and challenges of bovine semen cryopreservation is vital for artificial insemination on a commercial basis. Although cryopreservation of bovine spermatozoa is widely practiced and advanced beyond that of other species, there are still major gaps in the knowledge and technology.