Increased Survival in Contemporary Parkinson's Disease: A 47-Year Autopsy Study.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The main clinical features are bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Other neurodegenerative disorders such as progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy share some of these clinical manifestations.

Recognizing the reactive sites of SnFeO for the oxygen evolution reaction: the synergistic effect of Sn and Fe in stabilizing reaction intermediates.

Among the reported spinel ferrites, the p-block metal containing SnFeO is scarcely explored, but it is a promising water-splitting electrocatalyst. This study focuses on the reaction kinetics and atomic scale insight of the reaction mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyzed by SnFeO and analogous FeO. The replacement of FeIIOh sites with SnIIOh in SnFeO improves the catalytic efficiency and various intrinsic parameters affecting the reaction kinetics.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs): an international, multicentric study.

Brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are clinically more aggressive compared to superficial CCMs. Due to their location, resection can be challenging, making stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) an attractive alternative for symptomatic patient. Brainstem CCM patients (n = 170) were treated with Gamma Knife SRS at 11 radiosurgical centers.

ppHiC: Interactive exploration of Hi-C results on the ProteinPaint web portal.

The ProteinPaint Hi-C tool (ppHiC) facilitates web-based visualization and collaborative exploration of Hi-C data, a vital resource for understanding three-dimensional genomic structures. ppHiC allows researchers to easily analyze large Hi-C datasets on a web browser without requiring the computational expertise that has heretofore limited access to this complex genomic data. The platform is compatible with multiple Hi-C data versions and boasts a highly customizable interface, including a configuration panel for the precise adjustment of key visualization parameters.

Surface Enhancement of Additively Manufactured Bone Plate Through Hybrid-Electrochemical Magnetorheological Finishing Process.

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing provides the benefits of individualizing the implant per patient requirements. However, the poor surface quality of additively manufactured biomaterial is a major limitation. Hence, hybrid-electrochemical magnetorheological (H-ECMR) polishing is developed to improve the surface quality of fabricated parts.

Postmortem Fatty Acid Abnormalities in the Cerebellum of Patients with Essential Tremor.

Fatty acids play many critical roles in brain function but have not been investigated in essential tremor (ET), a frequent movement disorder suspected to involve cerebellar dysfunction. Here, we report a postmortem comparative analysis of fatty acid profiles by gas chromatography in the cerebellar cortex from ET patients (n = 15), Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (n = 15) and Controls (n = 17). Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)/ phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated by thin-layer chromatography and analyzed separately.

Comparative Analysis of Mouth Self-Examination Awareness Amongst Tobacco Users in Urban and Rural Populations.

Background: Oral cavity cancer is a growing concern, especially in developing countries like India, due to risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies, and spicy food intake. Early detection through screening and Mouth Self-examination (MSE) can significantly improve outcomes, but limited awareness and pain in advanced stages lead to delayed detection. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of MSE among tobacco users in urban and rural populations.

Shape-dependent motility of polar inclusions in active baths.

Collections of persistently moving active particles are an example of a nonequilibrium heat bath. One way to study the nature of nonequilibrium fluctuations in such systems is to follow the dynamics of an embedded probe particle. With this aim, we study the dynamics of an anisotropic inclusion embedded in a bath of active particles.

Add-on Sodium Benzoate and -Acetylcysteine in Patients With Early Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Background And Hypothesis: Oxidative stress pathways may play a role in schizophrenia through direct neuropathic actions, microglial activation, inflammation, and by interfering with NMDA neurotransmission. -acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia, however, results from trials of other compounds targeting NMDA neurotransmission have been mixed. This may reflect poor target engagement but also that risk mechanisms act in parallel.

Recent Advances in Biomolecular Patho-Mechanistic Pathways behind the Development and Progression of Diabetic Neuropathy.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by distal sensory loss, reduced mobility, and foot ulcers that may potentially lead to amputation. The multifaceted etiology of DN is linked to a range of inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and other neurodegenerative factors. Chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are the three basic biological changes that contribute to the development of DN.

Gene-gene and gene-environmental interaction of dopaminergic system genes in Pakistani children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study examined the specific gene variants, dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) rs6350, dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) rs6280, dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) rs6277, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4633, in relation to ADHD among Pakistani children by exploring the potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

Methods: A total of 100 cases of ADHD and 100 healthy children were recruited.

Linear and nonlinear regression modelling of industrial dye adsorption using nanocellulose@chitosan nanocomposite beads.

Nanocellulose@chitosan (nc@ch) composite beads were prepared via coagulation technique for the elimination of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. As malachite green dye is highly used in textile industries for dyeing purpose which after usage shows fatal effects to the ecosystems and human beings also. In this study the formulated nanocellulose@chitosan composite beads were characterized by Particle size analysis (PSA), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done to evaluate nanoparticles size distribution, morphological behaviour, functional group entities and degree of crystallinity of prepared beads.

Effect of prostaglandin treatment on the estrus behaviour, follicular and luteal morphometry and serum hormone profile in sub-estrus buffaloes during non-breeding season.

Sub-estrus buffaloes do not exhibit estrus signs despite being cyclic contributing to extended service periods and inter-calving intervals causing significant economic loss. The present study described the effect of synthetic prostaglandin (PGF) on estrus behaviour, follicular and luteal morphometry, and serum estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) profile in sub-estrus buffaloes during the non-breeding season. The incidence of sub-estrus was 38.

A current era in pulsatile drug delivery system: Drug journey based on chronobiology.

Almost all biological processes in the human body are regulated by circadian rhythm, which results in drastically different biochemical and physiological conditions throughout a 24 h period. Hence, suitable drug delivery systems should be efficiently monitored to attain the required therapeutic plasma concentration and therapeutic drug responses when needed as per chrono pharmacological concepts. "Chronotherapy" is the fast and transient release of a particular quantity of drug substance post a predetermined off-release period, termed as 'lag time'.

Early prediction of oestrus for herd fertility management in cattle and buffaloes - a review.

Oestrus is defined as a period when a female animal exhibits characteristic sexual behaviour in the presence of a mature male. Oestrous manifestation in dairy animals is due to the oestrogen (E) effect on the central nervous system (CNS). It is a critical issue to be considered on a priority basis.

Structural and Electronic Factors behind the Electrochemical Stability of 3D-Metal Tungstates under Oxygen Evolution Reaction Conditions.

Transition metal tungstates (TMTs) possess a wolframite-like lattice structure and preferably form via an electrostatic interaction between a divalent transition metal cation (M) and an oxyanion of tungsten ([WO]). A unit cell of a TMT is primarily composed of two repeating units, [MO] and [WO], which are held together via several M-μ-O-W bridging links. The bond character (ionic or covalent) of this bridging unit determines the stability of the lattice and influences the electronic structure of the bulk TMT materials.

Effect of prostaglandin alone and in combination with trace minerals on the follicular and luteal dynamics, estrus response and pregnancy in sub-estrus buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Sub-estrus is a condition when buffaloes do not display behavioural estrus signs, despite being in estrus and causes a delay in conception and increases the service period. The present study describes the effect of synthetic prostaglandin (PGF) alone and in combination with trace minerals on the follicular and corpus luteum (CL) dynamics, serum estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) concentration correlating estrus response and pregnancy outcome in sub-estrus buffaloes during the breeding season. A total of 50 sub-estrus buffaloes, identified through ultrasonography (USG) examination, were randomly allocated into three groups, viz.

Institutional Experience of Post-Traumatic Posterior Fossa Extra Dural Hematoma: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Aim: To analyze clinical and imaging characteristics of post-traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma (PFEDH).

Material And Methods: Between 2018 and 2022, 51 patients were admitted to our tertiary care trauma center with a diagnosis of PFEDH. The management decision was tailored by an individual consultant based on clinicoradiological findings.

Unlocking the potential of nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery across diverse biomedical frontiers: A comprehensive review.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has gained marvelous attention for managing and preventing various conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's, infectious diseases, etc. Due to the quick development and success of the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, mRNA has recently grown in prominence. A lot of products are in clinical trials and some are already FDA-approved.

RAB32 Ser71Arg in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease: linkage, association, and functional analyses.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multifactorial causes, among which genetic risk factors play a part. The RAB GTPases are regulators and substrates of LRRK2, and variants in the LRRK2 gene are important risk factors for Parkinson's disease. We aimed to explore genetic variability in RAB GTPases within cases of familial Parkinson's disease.

Effect of diamagnetic Zn(II) ions on the SMM properties of a series of trinuclear ZnDy and tetranuclear ZnDy (Ln = Dy, Tb, Gd) complexes: combined experimental and theoretical studies.

To study the effect of diamagnetic ions on magnetic interactions, utilizing a compartmental ligand ()-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-6-((quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl)phenol (LH), two different series of Zn-Ln complexes, namely the trinuclear series of [DyZn(L)(μ-OAc)(CHOH)]·NO·MeOH (1), [TbZn(L)(μ-OAc)(CHOH)]·NO·5MeOH·HO (2), and [GdZn(L)(μ-OAc)(CHOH)]·NO·MeOH·CHCl (3) and the tetranuclear series of [DyZn(LH)(NO)(μOAc)]·NO·MeOH·HO (4), [TbZn(LH)(NO)(μ-OAc)]·NO·MeOH·2HO (5), and [GdZn(LH)(NO)(μ-OAc)]·NO·MeOH·2HO (6), were synthesized. Trinuclear Zn-Ln complexes 1-3 consist of one Ln ion sandwiched between two peripheral Zn ions forming a bent type Zn-Dy-Zn array with an angle of 110.64°.

Elevated temperature-driven coordinative reconstruction of an unsaturated single-Ni-atom structure with low valency on a polymer-derived matrix for the electrolytic oxygen evolution reaction.

A high-temperature pyrolysis-controlled coordination reconstruction resulted in a single-Ni-atom structure with a Ni-N-C structural unit ( = N atom coordinated to Ni). Pyrolysis of Ni-phen@ZIF-8-RF at 700 °C resulted in NiNP-NC-700 with predominantly Ni nanoparticles. Upon elevating the pyrolysis temperature from 700 to 900 °C, a coordination reconstruction offers Ni-N atomic sites in NiSA-NC-900.