Pitfalls in the Cytological Diagnosis of Nodal Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by malignant Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in an inflammatory background. Although the cytological features of HL are well elucidated in literature, yet many postulated factors cause its misdiagnosis. This study aims to assess the diagnostic reliability of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in HL and evaluate the factors contributing to a false-negative and false-positive diagnosis, taking histopathology as the gold standard.

Clinico-pathological Spectrum of Primary Skin Malignancies in an Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background: Skin malignancies are the most common form of malignant disease in the western world, predominantly affecting older age groups. The majority of skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma, which account for more than 95% of total skin malignancies. However, in India, these constitute only 1-2% of all cancers.

Osteopontin as a Tumor Marker in Ovarian Cancer.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This is due to the nonspecific symptoms and no effective screening methods. Currently, carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125) is used as a tumor biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but it has its own limitations.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology in soft tissue tumors-5-year institutional experience.

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) forms one of the first-line investigations in the evaluation of tumors in modern era. Its role in diagnosing soft tissue tumors (STT) has been well established. However, the morphological overlap and biological heterogeneity of STT pose a morphological diagnostic challenge.

Isolation and morphology of circulating tumor cells by cell block technique in breast cancer.

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells present in the blood stream that are antigenically or genetically similar to a specific tumor type and are markers of tumor diagnosis, prognosis, residual disease and metastasis. The ever-increasing burden of breast cancer globally warrants the incorporation of this all-inclusive marker in the diagnostic repertoire using the simplest of techniques.

Aims: To identify CTCs in peripheral blood by cell block (CB) technique in cases of breast cancer diagnosed on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) and to correlate their presence with nodal metastasis.

Mucor as a cause of surgical site infection.

Mucor is an uncommon cause of surgical site infection. We present such a case after intramedullary nailing of the femur and discuss its presentation and management.

Phaeohyphomycosis: Cytomorphologic Evaluation in Eleven Cases.

Objective: Phaeohyphomycosis caused by phaeoid fungi is a type of mycosis emerging worldwide which causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations.

Study Design: A retrospective analysis of 11 cases diagnosed with fungal inflammation on cytology over a period of 6 years (2013-2018) was done along with culture/histopathologic confirmation.

Results: Of the total of 11 cases, 9 cases presented with subcutaneous swellings and 1 case each with brain and lung lesions.

Tumor Budding and Worse Pattern of Invasion Can Predict Nodal Metastasis in Oral Cancers and Associated With Poor Survival in Early-Stage Tumors.

The management and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) depend on tumor stage and lymph node (LN) metastasis status. Early-stage (T1/T2 N0M0) OSCC comprises a heterogeneous group. We evaluated the role of histological parameters including worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) and tumor budding to determine the risk of LN metastasis in cases of OSCC and to determine the risk of recurrence and death in early-stage OSCC in north Indian patients.

Extraosseous Ewing's Sarcoma of the Parapharyngeal Space - A Rare Entity - with Review of Literature.

Introduction: Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) of the head and neck region is a rare occurrence, and Ewing's sarcoma of the parapharyngeal space is even rarer. To the best of our knowledge, only three cases of EES of the parapharyngeal space have been reported in the literature.

Case Report: We report a rare case of EES of the parapharyngeal space in an 8-year-old girl.

Isolated giant ileal neurofibroma sans neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromas are benign neoplasms that are usually seen in hereditary disorders such as von Recklinghausen's disease [neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)]. The occurrence of isolated ileal neurofibroma in patients without the classic manifestations of NF1 or multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes is an extremely rare entity . We report one such case of isolated ileal neurofibroma in a 60 year old woman without any other stigmata of NF.

Spindle cell lipoma mimicking pleomorphic adenoma: A diagnostic challenge on cytology.

Spindle cell lipoma (SCL) is a benign neoplasm of mature adipose tissue mostly located in the neck, back, and shoulder region. It is composed of a variable admixture of adipocytes, benign spindle cells, and collagen fibres. While the histopathologic features of SCL are quite characteristic and well described, a cytologic diagnosis of SCL might be challenging.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A study of 19 cases of salivary and extra-salivary tumours diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) arises at sites where seromucinous or sweat gland epithelium is present and commonly affects the salivary glands. Rarely it can occur at extra-salivary locations.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 19 cases of ACC diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) over a period of 15 y (2002-2016) was made.

Parotid gland chondroma masquerading as pleomorphic adenoma in fine needle aspiration cytology: A diagnostic challenge.

Chondroid neoplasm of parotid gland is extremely rare. Only a few cases of extraskeletal chondroma and one case of chondrosarcoma of parotid gland have been reported in the literature. The cytological features of parotid gland chondroma are not well documented.

Fungal Suppurative Otitis Media (Histopathology) Among Patients in North India.

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has a substantial worldwide prevalence and is a major cause of hearing impairment. In cases of CSOM unresponsive to local antibiotics, superimposed fungal infection should be suspected. The aim of the present study was to study the spectrum of cases with fungal otitis media.

Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma of the Parotid in a Teenager.

Introduction: Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm with an indolent course. It occurs primarily in the minor salivary glands but can rarely occur in the major salivary glands. It usually occurs in the fifth to seventh decades of life with female preponderance.

Saksenaea erythrospora, an emerging mucoralean fungus causing severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections - a study from a tertiary care hospital in north India.

Background: Saksenaea erythrospora is an emerging and recently described pathogenic fungus mainly causing invasive cutaneous infections. Globally, very few human cases, caused by S. erythrospora, have been reported.

Sudden Death Due to Coronary Blockade by Microfilaremia: An Autopsy Report.

Extralymphatic filarial disease has varied clinical manifestations and is largely underestimated worldwide. We report an autopsy case of extralymphatic filarial disease with coronary and pulmonary circulations being involved and causing sudden death. Such an isolated event is, perhaps, rare and has not been reported so far to the best of our knowledge.

Adenocarcinoma of Lung Presenting as Interstitial Lung Disease.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) presenting as lung cancer have been reported rarely from India. The present case describes a possibly primary lung cancer in a non-smoker who presented radiologically as a case of ILD. The possible mechanisms available in the literature are discussed.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare intricate pediatric neoplasm with varied clinical manifestations and multiple treatment modalities.

Aim: To study the cytological features of LCH and the differential diagnoses on fine-needle aspiration (FNA).

Materials And Methods: FNA was performed using a 23-gauge needle fitted to a 10 mL syringe mounted on syringe holder.

Adult onset retinoblastoma: A diagnostic dilemma.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood. About 95% of retinoblastoma cases are diagnosed before the age of 5 years. Not more than 30 cases of Adult-onset retinoblastoma have been reported in literature.

Changing Epidemiology of Mucoralean Fungi: Chronic Cutaneous Infection Caused by Mucor irregularis.

Introduction: The fungi pertaining to order Mucorales usually cause an acute form of clinical disease called mucormycosis. A primary chronic presentation in an immunocompetent patient is a rare form of mucormycosis. Mucor irregularis is known for causing chronic cutaneous infections geographically confined to Asia, mainly in China.