Do health expenditure and human development index matter in the carbon emission function for ensuring sustainable development? Evidence from the heterogeneous panel.

This study is an attempt to explain the nexus between health expenditures, GDP, human development index (HDI), CO emissions (COEM), renewable energy (RENE), financial development (FD) and electricity consumption (EC) using data from 2000Q to 2014Q for Brazil, India, China and South Africa. The study applies CIPS and CADF to determine the integration order. The tests confirmed the unique order of integration.