Chemical Composition and Protective Possibilities of Juglans Nigra Leaves and Green Husks Extracts: DNA Binding and Micronucleus Assay in Human Lymphocytes.

To better understand the mechanism of action of the compounds in the ethanolic extracts of leaves and green husks, their binding to CT-DNA was investigated. This study was conducted to elucidate the in vitro protective effect of extracts against chromosomal damage in mitogen-induced human lymphocytes and investigate the possible application of selec+ted extracts as a natural source of polyphenolic compounds. Using HPLC-MS analysis, 103 different compounds were identified as having a higher number of active species, which is consistent with their activity.

High-dose-rate Brachytherapy Monotherapy in Patients With Localised Prostate Cancer: Dose Modelling and Optimisation Using Computer Algorithms.

Aims: Interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) is an effective therapy modality for patients with localized prostate carcinoma. The objectives of the study were to optimise the therapy regime variables using two models: response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one studies with 5651 patients were included (2078 patients presented as low-risk, 3077 patients with intermediate-risk, and 496 patients with high-risk).

Optimization of radioprotective dose of Juglans nigra leaf extract using response surface methodology.

J. nigra leaf contains mixture of various pharmacologically active compounds and it is assumed that they may have the potential radioprotective effect. The purpose of this work was to predict radioprotective doses by correlating changes in organ distribution of radiopharmaceuticals with extract dose levels and rat body weight using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a second-order polynomial equation.

Investigation of the Antinociceptive Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Leaf by the Tail-Immersion and Formalin Pain Tests in Rats.

Background: leaf is obtained from a plant that is used in traditional medicine in some countries to alleviate inflammatory diseases.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of extract on acute nociceptive and inflammatory pain in rats.

Methods: Antinociceptive activity was examined in Wistar rats by the tail-immersion and formalin tests.

'CT and CT image-based texture image analysis in radiological diagnostics of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis'.

Background: This prospective study is focused on evaluating radiological properties of AFRS. We analysed specific CT features related to the presence of AFRS, as well as explored the possible usefulness of the texture image analysis (TIA) as an additional diagnostical parameter.

Methods: The CT images of maxillary sinuses of 37 adult patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis were analysed for homogeneity, high-attenuation areas, density of the soft tissue mass, bony wall thickness and density.

The empirical formula for calculating the incident air Kerma in intraoral radiographic imaging.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to determine the empirical formula for calculating the incident air kerma (Ki), used as a patient dose descriptor in the intraoral radiographic imaging.

Methods: The data for the formula were collected during the regular annual inspection of intraoral dental X-ray units in 2018, 2019 and early 2020. The measurement data of 50 X-ray units were processed to develop the formula.

The use of digital texture image analysis in determining the masticatory efficiency outcome.

The mixture level of gum samples consisting of two colours can be assessed visually, using the electronic colorimetric method, employing digital image processing techniques and specially designed software. The study investigates the possibility of an alternative method called "digital texture image analysis" (DTIA) to assess improvement of masticatory efficiency in denture wearers. The objectives were i) to evaluate whether DTIA discriminates changes in the colour mixing ability within a group over time; ii) to determine whether DTIA can be used to detect improvement in chewing ability; iii) to select the most appropriate DTIA feature that sufficiently describes masticatory efficiency in CDs wearers.

Modelling and optimisation of treatment parameters in high-dose-rate mono brachytherapy for localised prostate carcinoma using a multilayer artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm: Pilot study.

Background: High-dose-rate mono brachytherapy (HDR-MB) is employed in the treatment of prostate carcinoma (CaP). As an ideal plan of CaP brachytherapy cannot be created, it is necessary to identify a reliable tool to optimise the parameters of HDR-MB. This paper applies a multilayer artificial neural network (MANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise brachytherapy parameters based on an individual dose-volumetric analysis.

Development and validation of mathematical models for testing antifungal activity of different essential oils against Candida species.

Objective: The upward trend in using plant materials introduced essential oils (EOs) as a valuable, novel, bioactive antifungal agent and as an alternative to standard treatment protocol of denture stomatitis caused by Candida species. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the antifungal activity of different EOs and to present the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) as possible tools for optimizing and predicting EOs antifungal activity.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the EOs against 3 species Candida spp.

Aspergillus fumigatus branching complexity in vitro: 2D images and dynamic modeling.

Background: Aspergillus fumigatus causes serious infections in humans, and its virulence correlates with hyphal growth, branching and formation of the filamentous mycelium. The filamentous mycelium is a complex structure inconvenient for quantity analysis. In this study, we monitored the branching of A.

Non-culture based assays for the detection of fungal pathogens.

Traditional, culture based methods for the diagnosis of fungal infections are still considered as gold standard, but they are time consuming and low sensitive. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations, many researchers have focused on the development of new immunological and molecular based rapid assays that could enable early diagnosis of infection and accurate identification of fungal pathogens causing superficial and invasive infection. In this brief review, we highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of conventional diagnostic methods and possibility of non-culture based assays in diagnosis of superficial fungal infections and presented the overview on currently available immunochromatographic assays as well as availability of biomarkers detection by immunodiagnostic procedures in prompt and accurate diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.

Mathematical modeling of the neuron morphology using two dimensional images.

In this study mathematical analyses such as the analysis of area and length, fractal analysis and modified Sholl analysis were applied on two dimensional (2D) images of neurons from adult human dentate nucleus (DN). Using mathematical analyses main morphological properties were obtained including the size of neuron and soma, the length of all dendrites, the density of dendritic arborization, the position of the maximum density and the irregularity of dendrites. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for modeling the size of neurons and the length of all dendrites.

In vitro protease inhibition and cytotoxicity of Aspergillus fumigatus biomolecules secreted under long-term aerated conditions.

The fatality rate of invasive aspergillosis (IA) is still very high, especially in prolonged and untreated pulmonary cases. Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative agent of IA and investigation of its metabolites could provide valuable insight into virulence factor(s) associated with this organism. We evaluated the A.

Mathematical model of neuronal morphology: prenatal development of the human dentate nucleus.

The aim of the study was to quantify the morphological changes of the human dentate nucleus during prenatal development using mathematical models that take into account main morphometric parameters. The camera lucida drawings of Golgi impregnated neurons taken from human fetuses of gestational ages ranging from 14 to 41 weeks were analyzed. Four morphometric parameters, the size of the neuron, the dendritic complexity, maximum dendritic density, and the position of maximum density, were obtained using the modified Scholl method and fractal analysis.

Kinetic modeling and optimization of maceration and ultrasound-extraction of resinoid from the aerial parts of white lady's bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.).

In this paper, extraction of resinoid from the aerial parts of white lady's bedstraw (Galium mollugo L.) using an aqueous ethanol solution (50% by volume) was studied at different temperatures in the absence and the presence of ultrasound. This study indicated that ultrasound-assisted extraction was effective for extracting the resinoid and gave better resinoid yields at lower extraction temperature and in much shorter time than the maceration.

Morphology and classification of large neurons in the adult human dentate nucleus: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2D images.

The dentate nucleus represents the most lateral of the four cerebellar nuclei that serve as major relay centres for fibres coming from the cerebellar cortex. Although many relevant findings regarding to the structure, neuronal morphology and cytoarchitectural development of the dentate nucleus have been presented so far, very little quantitative information has been collected on the types of large neurons in the human dentate nucleus. In the present study we qualitatively analyze our sample of large neurons according to their morphology and topology, and classify these cells into four types.

Morphology and cell classification of large neurons in the adult human dentate nucleus: a quantitative study.

The dentate nucleus represents the most lateral of the four cerebellar nuclei that serve as a major relay centres for fibres coming from the cerebellar cortex. Although many relevant findings regarding to the three-dimensional structure, the neuronal morphology and the cytoarchitectural development of the dentate nucleus have been presented so far, very little quantitative information has been collected to further explain several types of large neurons in the dentate nucleus. In this study we quantified the morphology of the large dentate neurons in the adult human taking, into account seven morphometric parameters that describe the main properties of the cell soma, the dendritic field and the dendritic branching pattern.

Quantitative analysis of dendritic morphology of the α and δ retinal ganglion cells in the rat: a cell classification study.

Type I retinal ganglion cells in the rat have been classified into several groups based on the cell body size and dendritic morphology. Considerable overlap and heterogeneity within groups have been reported, which is especially obvious for the morphology of the dendritic tree. For that purpose, we analysed quantitatively the dendritic morphology of the alpha and delta rat retinal ganglion cells, using parameters which provide information on the dendritic field size, shape of the dendritic tree and dendritic branching complexity.

Application of fractal analysis to neuronal dendritic arborisation patterns of the monkey dentate nucleus.

The deep nuclei of the cerebellar cortex have not yet received adequate exploratory attention. An exception is represented by the pioneering work of Chan-Palay, published in 1977, on the dentate nucleus morphology. She has classified each individual cell in the dentatus of the monkey into one of six types.

The effectiveness of a 40-year long iodine prophylaxis in endemic goitre region of Grobnik, Croatia.

The region of Grobnik, in the north west of Croatia, 15 km away from the Adriatic coast and 400 meters above the sea level, used to be known as a centre of endemic goitre. Iodine prophylaxis of 10 mg KJ added per kilo salt started in Croatia during the year 1953 and it was increased to 25 mg KJ per kilo in 1996. During 1961, the prevalence of goitre among Grobnik school children was 63%, while in the adult population it was 34%.