Five-Day vs 10-Day Postexposure Chemoprophylaxis With Oseltamivir to Prevent Hospital Transmission of Influenza: A Noninferiority Randomized Open-Label Study.

Background: The efficacy and optimal duration of postexposure influenza prophylaxis with oseltamivir are undetermined in hospital settings, where immediate separation from index cases is not feasible.

Methods: In an open-label noninferiority randomized clinical trial in a single-center university hospital, the efficacy of 5-day vs 10-day postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir was compared in adult patients exposed to influenza who could not be immediately separated from index influenza cases. Influenza incidence was assessed for 10 days after discontinuing prophylaxis.

Presence of human cytomegalovirus DNA in blood of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

After a primary infection, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains latent in certain human cells. Different stimuli, including immune deficiency and severe infection, can trigger the reactivation of latent HCMV infection. In the last decade, the role of the reactivation in immunocompetent patients with serious illness has been intensely studied; however, the knowledge of the potential role of moderately severe infections on HCMV dynamics is limited.