Milk miRNA expression in buffaloes as a potential biomarker for mastitis.

Background: Buffaloes have the highest potential for production due to a promising gene pool that is being enhanced and upgraded. Mastitis is a significant health impediment that greatly diminishes milk yield and quality, affecting rural farmers' livelihoods. The traditional gold standard used for diagnosing mastitis or subclinical mastitis is CMT, but it has the drawback of false positive or negative results.

CEA, CA 15-3, and miRNA expression as potential biomarkers in canine mammary tumors.

The most often detected tumor in intact bitches is mammary tumors and represents a significant clinical problem throughout the world. Mammary neoplasms in canine have heterogeneous morphology, so the choice of the most appropriate biomarker is the biggest challenge in CMT detection. We performed a retrospective analysis and evaluated the canine cancer antigens and miRNA expression profiles as potential biomarkers.

Preparation and Evaluation of Surface Modified Lactose Particles for Improved Performance of Fluticasone Propionate Dry Powder Inhaler.

Background: Dry powder inhalers (DPI) are generally formulated by mixing micronized drug particles with coarse lactose carrier particles to assist powder handling during the manufacturing and powder aerosol delivery during patient use.

Methods: In the present study, surface modified lactose (SML) particles were produced using force control agents, and their in vitro performance on dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of Fluticasone propionate was studied. With a view to reduce surface passivation of high surface free energy sites on the most commonly used DPI carrier, α- lactose monohydrate, effects of various force control agents such as Pluronic F-68, Cremophor RH 40, glyceryl monostearate, polyethylene glycol 6000, magnesium stearate, and soya lecithin were studied.

Paliperidone microemulsion for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery system: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation.

Objective: The objective of present study was to develop and evaluate paliperidone (PALI) loaded microemulsion (PALI-ME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Material And Methods: The PALI-ME was formulated by the spontaneous microemulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine-induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous motor activity) were performed using mice.

Evaluation of brain targeting efficiency of intranasal microemulsion containing olanzapine: pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic consideration.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate olanzapine (OZP) -loaded microemulsions (OZPME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of schizophrenia. The OZPME was formulated by the spontaneous microemulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. Pharmacodynamic assessments (apomorphine - induced compulsive behavior and spontaneous locomotor activity) were performed using mice.

Microemulsion-based drug delivery system for transnasal delivery of Carbamazepine: preliminary brain-targeting study.

This study reports the development and evaluation of Carbamazepine (CMP)-loaded microemulsions (CMPME) for intranasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy. The CMPME was prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method and characterized for physicochemical parameters. All formulations were radiolabeled with (99m)Tc (technetium) and biodistribution of CMP in the brain was investigated using Swiss albino rats.

Comparative evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles of rifampicin comprising Gantrez and poly(ethylene sebacate) on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and lung uptake following oral administration.

The present study reports the comparative pharmacokinetic evaluation and biodistribution of rifampicin (RIF) following oral administration of nanoparticles of a bioadhesive polymer, Gantrez and a hydrophobic polymer poly(ethylene sebacate) (PES). A specific objective of the study was to evaluate lung uptake of the nanoparticles following oral administration. Nanoparticles were obtained in the size range 350-450 nm with rifampicin loading of 12-14% w/w.

Buparvaquone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery in theleriosis.

Background: Buparvaquone (BPQ), a hydroxynaphthoquinone derivative, has been investigated for the treatment of many infections and is recommended as the gold standard for the treatment of theileriosis. Theileriosis, an intramacrophage infection is localized mainly in reticuloendotheileial system (RES) organs. The present study investigates development of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of BPQ for targeted delivery to the RES.

Genotoxicity evaluation of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride following intravenous administration.

Nanoparticles, being small (<1,000 nm) in size, provide high surface area-to-volume ratio as compared with the bulk materials which increase the concern about their potential toxicities. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of asymmetric lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles of doxycycline hydrochloride (DH lipomer) following intravenous route. DH lipomer was prepared by modified nano-precipitation method as reported earlier.

Self nanoprecipitating preconcentrate of tamoxifen citrate for enhanced bioavailability.

We disclose a self nanoprecipitating preconcentrate (SNP) of tamoxifen citrate (TMX), which forms TMX loaded polymeric nanoparticles, on dilution with aqueous media. SNP comprised TMX, polymer (Kollidon SR) and surfactant/s dissolved in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. Binary surfactant mixtures of Aerosol OT (AOT) with Tween 80 revealed synergistic reduction in surface tension to enable both high entrapment efficiency (EE) and low particle size (PS).

Polyethylene sebacate-doxorubicin nanoparticles for hepatic targeting.

The present study discusses polyethylene sebacate (PES)-doxorubicin (DOX) nanoparticles (PES-DOX NP) using pullulan as asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) ligand for hepatic targeting. Pullulan, a hydrophilic polymer served as ligand and as stealth agent. PES-DOX NP were prepared by modified nanoprecipitation using PES and Gantrez AN 119 (Gantrez), as complexing agent in the organic phase, while DOX was dissolved in the aqueous phase.

Particle shape: a new design parameter for passive targeting in splenotropic drug delivery.

The role of particle size and surface modification on biodistribution of nanocarriers is widely reported. We report for the first time the role of nanoparticle shape on biodistribution. Our study demonstrates that irregular shaped polymer lipid nanoparticles (LIPOMER) evade kupffer cells and localize in the spleen.