Development of one dimensional geomechanical model for a tight gas reservoir.

Estimating rock-mechanical, petrophysical properties and pre-production stress state is essential for effective reservoir planning, development, and optimal exploitation. This paper attempts to construct a comprehensive one-dimensional mechanical earth model (1D MEM) of the Mandapeta gas reservoir of Krishna Godavari (KG) basin, India. The methodology comprises a detailed stepwise process from processing and analysis of raw log data, calibration of log-derived dynamic properties with static ones using regression models developed from tested core samples, and final rock mechanical property estimation.

Multi-strategy Gaussian Harris hawks optimization for fatigue life of tapered roller bearings.

Bearing is one of the most fundamental components of rotary machinery, and its fatigue life is a crucial factor in designing. The design optimization of tapered roller bearing (TRB) is a complex design problem because various arrays of designing parameters and functional requirements should be fulfilled. Since there are many design variables and nonlinear constraints, presenting an optimal design of TRBs poses some challenges for metaheuristic algorithms.

A Wnt5a-Cdc42 axis controls aging and rejuvenation of hair-follicle stem cells.

Normal hair growth occurs in cycles, comprising growth (anagen), cessation (catagen) and rest (telogen). Upon aging, the initiation of anagen is significantly delayed, which results in impaired hair regeneration. Hair regeneration is driven by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs).

Correction to: The IRAK-ERK-p67phox-Nox-2 axis mediates TLR4, 2-induced ROS production for IL-1β transcription and processing in monocytes.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Limitations and challenges of genetic barcode quantification.

Genetic barcodes are increasingly used to track individual cells and to quantitatively assess their clonal contributions over time. Although barcode quantification relies entirely on counting sequencing reads, detailed studies about the method's accuracy are still limited. We report on a systematic investigation of the relation between barcode abundance and resulting read counts after amplification and sequencing using cell-mixtures that contain barcodes with known frequencies ("miniBulks").

IRAK regulates macrophage foam cell formation by modulating genes involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux.

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) is linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, its role in macrophage foam cell formation is not known. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of IRAK1 in lipid uptake, biosynthesis, and efflux in THP-1 derived macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). Ox-LDL (40 μg/mL, 15 minutes-48 hours) treatment induced time-dependent increase in IRAK1, IRAK4, and Stat1 activation in THP-1 derived macrophages.

The IRAK-ERK-p67phox-Nox-2 axis mediates TLR4, 2-induced ROS production for IL-1β transcription and processing in monocytes.

In monocytic cells, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and TLR2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress and inflammatory response; however, the mechanism is not well understood. The present study investigated the role of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p67phox and Nox-2 in TLR4- and TLR2-induced ROS generation during interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) transcription, processing, and secretion. An IRAK1/4 inhibitor, U0126, PD98059, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenyleneiodonium (DPI)), and a free radical scavenger (N-acetyl cysteine (NAC))-attenuated TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide (LPS))- and TLR2 (Pam3csk4)-induced ROS generation and IL-1β production in THP-1 and primary human monocytes.

PKCδ-IRAK1 axis regulates oxidized LDL-induced IL-1β production in monocytes.

This study examined the role of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) and protein kinase C (PKC) in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced monocyte IL-1β production. In THP1 cells, Ox-LDL induced time-dependent secretory IL-1β and IRAK1 activity; IRAK4, IRAK3, and CD36 protein expression; PKCδ-JNK1 phosphorylation; and AP-1 activation. IRAK1/4 siRNA and inhibitor (INH)-attenuated Ox-LDL induced secreted IL-1β and pro-IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β protein expression, respectively.

Sterilization of extracted human teeth: A comparative analysis.

Background: Extracted human teeth are regularly used for practice and educational purposes in dental institutions at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Different materials and methods are used for sterilizing extracted teeth to avoid infection from them.

Aims: The present study was done to determine the efficacy of some frequently used methods for disinfection/sterilization of extracted human teeth.

Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum.

Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognized entity, both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. The recent increase in mycotic nasal and paranasal infections is due to both improved diagnostic research and an increase in the conditions that favor fungal infection. Although fungal infections of the paranasal sinus are uncommon, 3-5% of incidence is reported.

IL-1R-associated kinase-1 mediates protein kinase Cδ-induced IL-1β production in monocytes.

The role of IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)1 and its interaction with protein kinase C (PKC)δ in monocytes to regulate IL-1β production has not been reported so far. The present study thus investigates such mechanisms in the THP1 cell line and human monocytes. PMA treatment to THP1 cells induced CD11b, TLR2, TLR4, CD36, IRAK1, IRAK3, and IRAK4 expression, IRAK1 kinase activity, PKCδ and JNK phosphorylation, AP-1 and NF-κB activation, and secretory IL-1β production.

A time course study on prothrombotic parameters and their modulation by anti-platelet drugs in hyperlipidemic hamsters.

The present study was undertaken to assess the chronology of major pathological events associated with high cholesterol (HC) diet and their modulation by anti-platelet drugs. Male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed HC diet up to 90 days. Plasma lipid, glucose and coagulation parameters (commercial kits), platelet activation (whole blood aggregation and static adhesion), endothelial dysfunction (aortic ring vasoreactivity), splenocyte TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS mRNA transcripts (RT-PCR), and ferric chloride (time to occlusion) induced thrombosis were monitored at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after HC feeding and compared with normolipidemic hamsters.

Models to study atherosclerosis: a mechanistic insight.

The recent failure of candidate drugs like cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors calls for a revised approach for screening anti-atherosclerotic drugs and development of new models of atherosclerosis. For this it is important to understand the mechanism of the disease in a particular model. Models simultaneously showing hyperlipidemia, inflammation and associated complications of diabetes and hypertension will serve the purpose better as they mimic the actual clinical condition.

Factors affecting the outcome of neuroendoscopy in patients with tuberculous meningitis hydrocephalus: a preliminary study.

Background: In recent years, ETV has been found to be effective in patients with TBMH; however, its precise selection criteria are yet to be established. We carried out this study to identify the factors affecting the outcome of ETV in TBMH.

Methods: Fourteen patients with TBMH (11 male patients and 3 female patients; mean age, 15.

HIV-1 infection in early seroconversion stage missed by rapid or ELISA tests--two case reports.

Two cases of HIV-1 infection demonstrating lack of sensitivity of rapid and ELISA screening tests are being reported. The first case was that of a 23 years old female whose recent infection was picked up by ELISA (Tetra ELISA) test but missed by two rapid tests (Comb AIDS and HIV Tridot). The 2nd case presumably too in early seroconversion phase, was that of a 39 years old male.