Outcome of Femoral Angioplasty/Stenting Procedures in Different Ethnic Groups in England: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics and Review of Literature.

Purpose: Various studies, mainly from North America, report worse outcomes in ethnic minority populations submitted to revascularization for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Limited nationwide data in relation to ethnicity are available from Europe.

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the outcomes of femoral angioplasty/stenting procedures among different ethnic groups in England during the 10-year period from 2006 to 2015.

The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on Outcomes of Peripheral Arterial Disease: Analysis of Routinely Collected Primary Care Data.

Background: The combination of peripheral arterial disease and atrial fibrillation is linked with high risk of mortality and stroke. This study aims to investigate the impact of atrial fibrillation on patients with diagnosed peripheral arterial disease.

Methods: This is a retrospective study using The Health Improvement Network database, which contains prospectively collected data from participating primary care practices.

Outcome of Femoral-popliteal Bypass Procedures in Different Ethnic Groups in England: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics.

Background: Previous studies, mainly from the United States, have reported worse outcomes from lower limb bypass procedures in ethnic minority populations. Limited nationwide data are available from ethnic minority populations from Europe. The aim of this study is to investigate outcomes from lower limb bypass procedures in ethnic minorities from England.

Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The AFFIRM Study.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease has been linked with worse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of peripheral arterial disease on mortality and stroke in a cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods: This was an ancillary analysis of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial.

The Relationship Between Serum Interleukin-1α and Asymptomatic Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Size, Morphology, and Growth Rates.

Objective/background: In a pilot study, a relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) diameter and serum interleukin (IL)-1α levels was reported, and that endothelial cell (EC) activation in vitro in response to serum from patients with AAA was blocked by anti-IL-1α antibodies. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the relationship between serum IL-1α and asymptomatic infrarenal AAA size, morphology, and growth rates.

Methods: Serum IL-1α was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 101 patients with asymptomatic, infrarenal AAA and related to aneurysm size, morphology, and growth rates.

Comparison of 2 Sample Processing Methods and 9 Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of Interleukin-1α in the Serum of Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Background: For a cytokine to have a role as a clinically useful biomarker, it must be measureable in a practical, reliable, and reproducible manner. Furthermore, assays from different manufacturers should produce comparable results. The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of 2 sample processing methodologies and compare 9 commercially available immunoassays for their measurement of serum interleukin (IL)-1α in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Ethnic differences in the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated higher rates of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in blacks and lower in Asians compared to whites. The aim of this study is to undertake a comprehensive review of literature on ethnic differences in the epidemiology of PAD.

Methods: A systemic review and meta-analysis included studies reporting PAD prevalence in general or diabetic populations, and comparing PAD prevalence in ethnic groups.

Assessment of renal function by means of cystatin C following standard and fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair.

Background: Cystatin C (Cyst C) is more sensitive marker for early renal injury. However, serum creatinine (sCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are still used as the standard renal markers after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of Cyst C, sCr, and eGFR as markers of renal function after EVAR.

Effect of endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair on thrombin generation and fibrinolysis.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with a prothrombotic diathesis that may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. This diathesis is exacerbated in the short term by open aneurysm repair (OAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, the effect of EVAR and OAR on coagulation and fibrinolysis in the medium and long term is poorly understood.

The relationship between aortic aneurysm sac thrombus volume on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet activity.

Aim: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with chronic mural inflammation and a pro-thrombotic diathesis. It has been suggested that both may be related to biologically active intra-sac thrombus. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between thrombin generation, fibrinolysis, platelet activity and AAA sac thrombus volume.

Perioperative myocardial injury and hemostasis in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair for asymptomatic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Objective: (1) To report the incidence of myocardial injury in patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) through the routine measurement of perioperative cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and (2) to investigate and correlate changes in perioperative cTnT levels with any concomitant hemostatic derangement.

Methods: Prospective study of 30 patients undergoing elective EVAR for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cardiac TnT was assayed at 24 hours postoperatively.

Changes in thrombin generation, fibrinolysis, platelet and endothelial cell activity, and inflammation following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory condition associated with a prothrombotic, hypofibrinolytic diathesis that may increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The effect of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) on this prothrombotic diathesis is not fully understood, especially over the medium and long term. A better understanding of these postintervention changes may improve the risk of cardiovascular complications in the long term.

Coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet activation in patients undergoing open and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is associated with an improved perioperative mortality compared to open surgical repair. This benefit may reflect reduced incidence of microvascular and macrovascular thrombotic complications after EVAR.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review and compare the effects of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), open surgical repair, and EVAR on coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet activation.

Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after carotid endarterectomy: case series and a review of the literature.

Background: Pseudoaneurysm (PA) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a rare complication with incidence less than 1%. There is a potential for rupture, embolization, thrombosis or compression of cranial nerves.

Objective: We reviewed our experience and compare it to the literature to raise awareness of this rare though serious condition.

Surgical versus endovascular reconstruction for chronic mesenteric ischemia: a contemporary UK series.

Objective: To assess the outcome of surgical (SR) and endovascular (ER) reconstruction for chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI).

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent SR or ER for CMI in 3 UK vascular surgery units between 1996 and 2006. Early (<30 days; technical success, morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay) and late (>30 days) outcomes (symptom recurrence, vessel/graft patency, reintervention, mortality) were assessed.

Failure of endovascular stenting for popliteal cystic disease.

We describe an attempted endovascular stenting for popliteal artery stenosis secondary to adventitial cystic disease in a 56-year-old man with lifestyle-limiting claudication. Despite technical success, it remained patent only for 1 week, requiring interposition venous graft reconstruction eventually.

Mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxyethyl starch demonstrated in a flow-based model of neutrophil recruitment by endothelial cells.

Objective: To determine whether plasma volume expander hydroxyethyl starch (HES) may protect against reperfusion injury through an ability to reduce neutrophil recruitment.

Design: An in vitro study using paired comparisons of adhesion of flowing neutrophils.

Setting: A collaboration between clinical and basic science departments in a university hospital.

Inflammatory responses of endothelial cells experiencing reduction in flow after conditioning by shear stress.

Exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to shear stress reduces their response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). We tested how shear-conditioned EC responded to reduction in flow, either by spontaneously binding leukocytes, or by increasing sensitivity to TNF. Human umbilical vein EC were exposed to shear stress of 2.

Identification of a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of long-lived neutrophils in a model of reverse endothelial migration.

Recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophils are not a homogenous population of cells. Here, we have identified a subset of human neutrophils with a distinct profile of cell-surface receptors [CD54(high), CXC chemokine receptor 1(low) (CXCR1(low))], which represent cells that have migrated through an endothelial monolayer and then re-emerged by reverse transmigration (RT). RT neutrophils, when in contact with endothelium, were rescued from apoptosis, demonstrate functional priming, and were rheologically distinct from neutrophils that had not undergone transendothelial migration.

Randomized trial comparing Quixil surgical sealant with Kaltostat hemostatic dressing to control suture line bleeding after carotid endarterectomy with ePTFE patch reconstruction.

Following carotid endarterectomy (CEA), patch angioplasty provides a significant reduction in the risk of perioperative complications. The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch is strong, is resistant to infection, and has low thrombogenicity; but it remains unpopular because of its tendency of prolonged bleeding at the suture line. We aimed to investigate whether the application of Quixil sealant to the suture line could improve the time to achieve hemostasis and reduce local blood loss when compared to a standard topical hemostat Kaltostat.

Surgery of popliteal artery aneurysms: a 12-year experience.

Background: Management of asymptomatic popliteal aneurysm is controversial, and the prognosis for acutely thrombosed aneurysm is notoriously poor. We evaluated the management and outcome for popliteal aneurysm.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with popliteal aneurysm between 1988 and 2000 was carried out.

Composite sequential grafts for femorocrural bypass reconstruction: experience with a modified technique.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of a modification of the composite sequential femorocrural bypass graft that we adopted in 1985, a retrospective case-note study was undertaken. The grafts combined a prosthetic femoropopliteal section with a popliteal to crural section with autologous vein, linked via a common intermediate anastomosis sited on the above-knee popliteal artery.

Patients And Methods: Between 1985 and 2000, 68 grafts of this type were constructed in 65 patients with critical ischemia of the lower limb and insufficient autologous vein for construction of an all venous bypass.