Bicuspid aortic valve with severe stenosis and ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to left ventricle.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital cardiac anomaly, and rarely, it is associated with sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SOVAs). And very infrequently, these SOVAs rupture into left side of heart. We hereby report a case of 12-year-old male with BAV with severe aortic stenosis with a large SOVA that ruptured into the left side of the heart.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: There is a paucity of data from large cohort studies examining the prognostic significance of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that OSA predicts subsequent major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods And Results: The Sleep and Stent Study was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in 5 countries.

Cleft Anterior Mitral Leaflet with Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis a Rare Association.

A 20 year old female was referred to us for evaluation of effort dyspnoea of NYHA class II with feeble left common carotid, left brachial and left radial artery as compared to other sides. Detail evaluation with two dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiographic, 2D transesophageal echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) delineated Cleft AML and diffuse type of supravalvular aortic stenosis. To the best of our knowledge, no such case have been described in the literature where these anomalies co-existed in the same patient.

Double-Chambered Right Ventricle with Ventricular Septal Defect and Subaortic Membrane- Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluation.

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital anomaly in which the right ventricle is divided into two compartments with varying pressures due to an anomalous muscle bundle. Here, we describe a case of an adolescent male with DCRV with associated ventricular septal defect and subaortic membrane. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with color flow clearly outlined all the three cardiac anomalies as well as their relationship with each other.

Pulmonary Artery Stenosis due to Lung Carcinoma: A Rare Cause of Dyspnea.

Acquired bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis in adults due to lung malignancy is infrequently reported. We describe an adult male who presented to us with chief complaints of dyspnea on exertion and one episode of hemoptysis. Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with color Doppler showed presence of an extra cardiac mass causing severe extrinsic compression of both the right and left pulmonary artery leading to high pressure severe tricuspid regurgitation and extension of the mass into the left atrium.

A pedunculated left ventricular thrombus in a women with peripartum cardiomyopathy: evaluation by three dimensional echocardiography.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a cardiac condition characterized by development of heart failure during the last month of pregnancy or during the first five months of post partum period without any other identifiable cause of heart failure. The hypercoagulable state in the pregnancy along with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction predisposes the patient to thromboembolic complications like intraventricular thrombi. We report a case of a 30-year-old female with peripartum cardiomyopathy along with a highly mobile mass in the LV cavity on two dimensional echocardiography.

Ruptured anterior mitral leaflet aneurysm in aortic valve infective endocarditis--evaluation by three-dimensional echocardiography.

Ruptured aneurysm of the anterior mitral leaflet is a rare but a devastating complication secondary to aortic valve infective endocarditis. We report a case of 30-year-old male with native aortic valve endocarditis who was referred to us for evaluation of worsening of heart failure after an initial period of responsiveness to antibiotics. Detailed evaluation with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed ruptured anterior mitral leaflet aneurysm with severe eccentric mitral regurgitation along with a large vegetation on the aortic valve.

Multimodality imaging of submitral left ventricular aneurysm.

Submitral left ventricular aneurysms are a rare nonischemic aneurysm thought to be developmental in origin. These aneurysms invariably occur at the site of posterior mitral annulus and lead to mitral valve incompetence. We hereby describe a case of a 30-year-old adult with a rare form of submitral left ventricular aneurysm involving whole of the posterior mitral annulus.

Three-dimensional echocardiographic delineation of an acquired aorto-left atrial fistula complicating native aortic valve endocarditis - "advantage of three dimensions".

Aorto-atrial fistulas are rare, but important complications resulting from aortic valve infective endocarditis, aortic valve surgery, or aortic dissection. We hereby report a case of a 20-year male, referred to us with infective endocarditis of the native aortic valve with severe aortic regurgitation and symptoms of heart failure. Detailed evaluation with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography revealed aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to the involvement of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) region.

Real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography of ruptured left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to left ventricle.

Aneurysms arising from the sinus of Valsalva are a rare cardiac defect that can present with various signs and symptoms, and if not diagnosed and treated rapidly can lead to fatal outcomes. Unruptured aneurysms are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally during diagnostic studies. More commonly, aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is detected after the occurrence of rupture.