The Removal of Binary Mixture of Dyes by Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidation: Kinetics, Product Identification and Toxicity Assessment.

The removal of mixture of two azo dyes, Acid blue 29 and Ponceau xylidine, was studied by heterogeneous Fenton and Fenton-type processes using hydrogen peroxide and sodium persulphate as oxidants in the presence of and nano and micro- particles as catalysts. The synthesised nano- particles were characterised using analytical techniques viz. FT-IR, TEM, EDX, powder XRD and VSM.

Patterns of tobacco and e-cigarette use status in India: a cross-sectional survey of 3000 vapers in eight Indian cities.

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the biggest and avoidable public health threats in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India represents a highly complex public health environment due to the large number of smokers and complexities arising from tobacco use in different forms, including a variety of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. Electronic cigarettes, an alternative nicotine delivery system with significantly less harmful emissions than smoke, could be an option for those who are unable to achieve smoking abstinence using other available means.

Comparative studies of mineralization and detoxification of Mordant Black 17 in aqueous solution by UV light induced M/HO and M/SO systems.

The present study reports a process for simultaneous mineralization and detoxification of Mordant Black 17 with high electrical energy efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and ammonium persulphate (APS) were used for the generation of hydroxyl and sulphate radicals using UV light (λ = 254 nm) and Fe and Ag ions as catalysts. The detoxification and energy efficiency of various processes were measured by monitoring growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) applicable for low concentration contaminants respectively.

Phytochemicals of Aristolochia tagala and Curcuma caesia exert anticancer effect by tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated decrease in nuclear factor kappaB binding activity.

Rationale: The active compounds or metabolites of herbal plants exert a definite physiological action on the human body and thus are widely used in human therapy for various diseases including cancer. Previous studies by our group have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of the two herbal plants extracts (HPE) of Aristolochia tagala (AT) Cham. and Curcuma caesia (CC) Roxb.

Inhibitory potential of methanolic extracts of Aristolochia tagala and Curcuma caesia on hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in BALB/c mice.

Context: Aristolochia tagala (AT) and Curcuma caesia (CC) have been used traditionally by local herbal practitioners for cancer treatment and as chief ingredients of many polyherbal formulations for various types of ailments. However, there is void in scientific study to evaluate their anti-cancer property.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic properties of the crude methanolic extracts of roots of AT and rhizomes of CC in BALB/c mice exposed to a hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN).

Dimethylnitrosamine-induced reduction in the level of poly-ADP-ribosylation of histone proteins of blood lymphocytes--a sensitive and reliable biomarker for early detection of cancer.

Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PAR) is a post-translational modification of mainly chromosomal proteins. It is known to be strongly involved in several molecular events, including nucleosome-remodelling and carcinogenesis. In this investigation, it was attempted to evaluate PAR level as a reliable biomarker for early detection of cancer in blood lymphocyte histones.

Association of betel nut with carcinogenesis: revisit with a clinical perspective.

Betel nut (BN), betel quid (BQ) and products derived from them are widely used as a socially endorsed masticatory product. The addictive nature of BN/BQ has resulted in its widespread usage making it the fourth most abused substance by humans. Progressively, several additives, including chewing tobacco, got added to simple BN preparations.

Altered BRCA1 and BRCA2 responses and mutation of BRCA1 gene in mice exposed chronically and transgenerationally to aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN).

The Brca1 and Brca2 tumor suppressor genes are involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity as they facilitate error free DNA repair. This study was designed to understand the role of Brca1 and Brca2 in betel nut (BN) induced chronic and transgenerational carcinogenesis in mice. Young male and female Swiss Albino mice were chronically as well as transgenerationally exposed to aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) in drinking water (2 mg ml(-1)) for up to 24 weeks.

ADP-ribose polymer--a novel and general biomarker of human cancers of head & neck, breast, and cervix.

Background: Poly-ADP-ribosylation, a reversible post-translational modification of primarily chromosomal proteins, is involved in various cellular and molecular processes including carcinogenesis. ADP-ribose polymer or poly-ADP-ribose adducts are enzymatically added onto or stripped off the target chromosomal proteins during this metabolic process. Due to this, the chromatin superstructure is reversibly altered, which significantly influences the pattern of gene expression.

Proteomic and genomic modulations induced by γ-irradiation of human blood lymphocytes.

Purpose: Quantitative evaluation of early response proteins (ERPRO) and early response genes (ERG) following γ-irradiation of human lymphocytes; identification of specific proteins and genes as candidate biomarkers for the development of a novel biodosimeter.

Materials And Methods: Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to clinically relevant doses (1, 2 and 4 Gy) of γ-radiation ex-vivo. Analyses of protein and gene expression modulation were conducted 2 h post-irradiation.

Ultrastructural alterations in liver of mice exposed chronically and transgenerationally to aqueous extract of betel nut: Implications in betel nut-induced carcinogenesis.

The aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) induces the formation of preneoplastic nodules in the liver of Swiss Albino mice and leads to increased predisposition to cancer when administered transgenerationally. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the alterations in ultrastructure of subcellular organelles in the liver nodules using transmission electron microscopy and to determine whether these alterations have implications in AEBN-induced carcinogenesis. Male and female Swiss Albino mice were exposed to AEBN chronically and transgenerationally at a dose of 2 mg/mL in drinking water for 24 weeks.

Altered p53 response and enhanced transgenerational transmission of carcinogenic risk upon exposure of mice to betel nut.

Alteration of p53 protein level, and possible mutation of the p53 gene during carcinogenesis in mice exposed chronically (P) and transgenerationally to 2mg/ml aqueous extract of betel nut (AEBN) in drinking water, were studied. Exons 5 and 7 of the p53 gene were not mutated under both chronic and transgenerational exposure, but, p53 protein response was altered. In P mice, p53 protein was initially upregulated in comparison to age-matched controls, reaching 2.

Aqueous extract of betel nut-induced adducts on pMTa4 DNA acquires stability in the presence of Na+ and K+ ions.

Betel nut (BN), a natural carcinogen to humans, is used as a masticator across the globe by a large segment of the human population. The primary carcinogens of BN are alkaloids, in particular arecoline. Upon nitrosation, arecoline can potentially interact with DNA, forming adducts and initiating carcinogenesis.

Negative correlation between poly-ADP-ribosylation of spleen cell histone proteins and initial duration of dimethylnitrosamine exposure to mice in vivo measured by Western blot immunoprobe assay: a possible biomarker for cancer detection.

Improved cancer detection involving suitable biomarkers with easy applicability is a challenge to our fight against cancer. Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PAR) of proteins is a likely candidate biomarker for this purpose because it meets the criterion well. This report is a step towards testing suitability of PAR as a biomarker for cancer detection.