Cerebral oximetry monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy during adult procedural sedation: a preliminary study.

Background And Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effect of adult procedural sedation on cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (rSo levels), and to assess whether respiratory depression occurring during procedural sedation was associated with decreases in cerebral oxygenation.

Methods: We performed a prospective, observational preliminary study on a convenience sample of adult patients (>18 years) undergoing unscheduled procedural sedation in the ED from August 2017 to September 2018 at Hennepin County Medical Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The primary outcome measures were rSo values by level of sedation achieved and the incidence of cerebral hypoxaemia during procedural sedation (absolute rSo ≤60 or decrease ≥20% from baseline).

A comparative study of conducted electrical weapon incapacitation during a goal-directed task.

Conducted electrical weapons (CEW) are ubiquitous in law enforcement given their unique ability to physically incapacitate violently resisting subjects. Early use of animal models to study CEW incapacitation effectiveness (e.g.

Human Errors and Adverse Hemodynamic Events Related to "Push Dose Pressors" in the Emergency Department.

Background: Though the use of small bolus doses of vasopressors, termed "push dose pressors," has become common in emergency medicine, data examining this practice are scant. Push dose pressors frequently involve bedside dilution, which may result in errors and adverse events. The objective of this study was to assess for instances of human error and adverse hemodynamic events during push dose pressor use in the emergency department.

Drug Order in Rapid Sequence Intubation.

Background: The optimal order of drug administration (sedative first vs. neuromuscular blocking agent first) in rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is debated.

Objective: We sought to determine if RSI drug order was associated with the time elapsed from administration of the first RSI drug to the end of a successful first intubation attempt.

Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: Agitation in the emergency department (ED) can pose a threat to patient and provider safety; therefore, treatment is indicated. The purpose of this study is to compare haloperidol, olanzapine, midazolam, and ziprasidone to treat agitation.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of consecutive patients receiving intramuscular medication to treat agitation in the ED.