Effect of hydroxychloroquine on beta cell function, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin therapy.

Background: Very few studies have assessed the impact of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on insulin resistance, beta cell function, and inflammatory markers in diabetics which takes paramount importance in understanding the mechanism of its anti-diabetic effect.

Objective: To assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine on beta cell function and insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin combination.

Study Design And Method: 30 T2DM patients were inadequately controlled on glimepiride and metformin combination with an HbA1c between 7.

First-in-Class Oral Semaglutide: Overcoming Barriers of Incretinisation in the Indian Context.

Despite the availability of multiple therapeutic options and strategies, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the world over have inadequate glycaemic control and India is no exception. Patients with T2DM in India have benefitted from glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues similar to that of patients from other parts of the world. However, subcutaneous treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is limited by their injectable mode of administration.

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Glimepiride and Metformin Therapy.

Background And Aims: No study to date has assessed the effect of hydroxychloroquine on various parameters of glycaemic variability. To assess the effect of hydroxychloroquine on glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin.

Methods: A total of 30 T2DM patients aged 18-65 years uncontrolled on glimepiride and metformin therapy with HbA1c 7.

Bladder cancer with pioglitazone: A case-control study.

Background: Varied reports suggest a contentious relationship of bladder malignancy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To study an association (prevalence and predictors) of bladder malignancy with pioglitazone therapy in Asian-Indian type 2 diabetes patients.

Method: In this observational multicenter study, type 2 diabetic patients attending out-patient diabetes-clinic were evaluated.

Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis.

Background: The available evidence was systematically reviewed to evaluate the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or multiple risk factors (MRF), with or without heart failure (HF), and per estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) rate at baseline.

Methods: We comprehensively searched three electronic databases to retrieve publications up to 30th November 2019, which were screened for inclusion. The data extracted for the outcomes according to baseline ASCVD, HF, and eGFR levels were meta-analyzed using fixed effects model.

Comparison of triglyceride glucose index and HbA1C as a marker of prediabetes - A preliminary study.

Background And Aims: HbAC and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment for assessing insulin resistance) are established diagnostic markers of diabetes and insulin resistance respectively, but are relatively expensive. Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is calculated based on fasting plasma glucose and fasting triglyceride levels which are available as routine laboratory parameters and is inexpensive. This is a preliminary study which aims to compare Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index with HbAC as a marker of prediabetes and also with HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment for assessing insulin resistance) as a marker of insulin resistance.

Rising cost of insulin: A deterrent to compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aims: The rapid increase in burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a huge medico-economic challenge, especially when the cost of care is funded by out-of-pocket expenses. The aim of this review is to highlight various issues associated with rising cost of insulin, prevalence of cost-related insulin underuse, insulin related cost-saving behaviors, and viable solutions for the benefit of patients with T2DM receiving insulin.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) from 2000 to 2020 were searched using the key terms uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy, glycemic control, direct cost, indirect cost, out-of-pocket expenses, cost-related insulin underuse, cost-saving behaviors, and biosimilar insulin in developed countries and India.

The role of oral semaglutide in managing type 2 diabetes in Indian clinical settings: Addressing the unmet needs.

Aims: Despite their established benefits, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) remain underutilized for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, which indicates that subcutaneous injection is an unfavorable mode of delivery from the patient's perspective. This review summarizes existing challenges related to medication adherence and the use of antihyperglycemia injectables, revisits the established safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide, and explores its features and considerations for use among the Indian T2DM population.

Methods: We performed a literature search using MEDLINE and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry from July 1, 2016, to July 1, 2021, to identify publications on oral semaglutide approval, T2DM treatment guidelines, and clinical evidence for oral drug formulation.

Etiological Profile of Short Stature in Children and Adolescents.

Context: The delayed growth of a child is a major cause of concern for the parents. There is a multitude of etiological factors which must be considered in relation to this common aspect of healthcare.

Aim: The study was done to evaluate the etiological profile of short stature in children and adolescents.

Effect of Yoga on Glucose Control and Quality of Life in Patients of Prediabetes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of yoga on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) and also on quality of life (QoL). This was a cohort study in which 100 diagnosed cases of prediabetes were recruited for doing specific yoga, and they themselves act as control for the study. The measurement and comparison of FPG, prandial plasma glucose (PPG), and HbA1C were done at three different time intervals, that is, baseline, 3 months, and at 6 months.

Practical aspects of usage of insulin in India: Descriptive review and key recommendations.

Background And Aims: Insulin therapy is an integral part of diabetes management. However, reliable and easily accessible information on a number of basic facts concerning insulin therapy, including storage of insulin, managing insulin therapy during travel, nuances of insulin use while driving, and dose adjustments during sick days is lacking. This document aims to make readily available, reliable, and easy to implement information on these essential but relatively less discussed aspects of insulin therapy.

Body composition and handgrip strength in patients with prediabetes: A case-control study from Haryana, North India.

Background And Aims: Previous studies suggest that body composition and handgrip strength are significantly altered in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Only few studies are available in prediabetic individuals. The aim is to study the change in body composition in adult individuals with prediabetes and compare it with age and sex-matched normoglycemic individuals.

Addison's disease with primary hypothyroidism in a case of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection.

A 41-year-old man presented with vomiting and loose stools. He had a history of long-term intermittent fever, generalised skin hyperpigmentation, dragging sensation in the left hypochondrium and unintentional weight loss. He was receiving combination antiretroviral therapy since 2010 for HIV infection.

Quality of Life among Diabetics: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center of Rohtak, Haryana.

Introduction: The most severe health threats dominating the low- and middle-income countries are no longer the dreaded communicable diseases; but, they are everyday diseases due to changes in lifestyle, which are the noncommunicable diseases. Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. QOL assessment in health system is a multidimensional construct that can be measured by evaluating objective levels of health status filtered by the subjective perceptions and expectations of the individual.

Impact of lockdown in COVID 19 on glycemic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Aims: COVID 19 is a novel pandemic affecting globally. Although no reliable data suggests that patients of well controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) being at increased risk of becoming severely ill with SARS-CoV2, but lockdown may impact patients with T1DM requiring regular medications and follow up. Hence this study was planned to see the impact of lockdown on glycemic control in patients with T1DM.

Non-compaction of ventricular myocardium with polycystic kidney disease with cardiogenic cerebral embolism.

Non-compaction of ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiomyopathy involving an early arrest of normal compaction of myocardium during fetal ontogenesis. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a hereditary nephropathy characterised by multiple renal cysts replacing the renal parenchyma and extrarenal manifestations. Here, we report a case of 65-year-old man, chronic smoker, presented with sudden onset right brachial monoparesis, exertional dyspnoea, orthopnoea, bipedal swelling and diagnosed as a case of ADPKD with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy with acute left ventricular failure and cardiogenic cerebral embolism (no evidence of atrial fibrillation); based on characteristic appearance on two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance.

Clinical Benefits of Fixed Dose Combinations Translated to Improved Patient Compliance.

Pharmacotherapy with fixed dose combination (FDC) drugs is becoming popular as evidence-based clinical guidelines recommend using multiple therapeutic agents in complex regimens for many chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). FDC formulations have unique advantages such as complementary mechanism of action, synergistic effects, better tolerability, elongated product life-cycle management, and cost savings. Polypharmacy is a frequent problem in T2DM patients having hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other comorbidities.

Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy: a rare presenting manifestation of hypoparathyroidism.

Hypoparathyroidism patients present with features of hypocalcemia like carpopedal spasm, numbness and paresthesias but hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure (CHF) is a rare presentation. We present here a case of 55-year-old Asian man who was a known case of dilated cardiomyopathy for 6 months, presented with the chief complaints of shortness of breath on exertion and decreased urine output. On general physical examination, features suggestive of CHF were seen.

Prevalence and predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in prediabetes.

Backgroud And Aims: Various studies have evaluated the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with diabetes but few studies on prevalence of NAFLD in prediabetes have been performed so far. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of NAFLD in prediabetics.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 diagnosed cases of Prediabetes were compared with 100 normoglycemic people after random selection from OPD for NAFLD by using various biochemical parameters and ultrasonography.