Incidence of Rebleed Following Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Drainage in Poor Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Institutional Experience.

Background: The outcome of poor grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is dismal. Some of these patients need cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage procedure for the hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) which may precipitate rebleeding. However, aneurysmal rebleed following CSF drainage procedure is controversial.

Rathke's Cleft Cyst and Craniopharyngioma: A Continuum of the Same Spectrum? Insights from an Interesting Case and Previous Literature.

Rathke's Cleft Cysts (RCCs) and Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) may represent disease entities on the same etio-pathological spectrum. We report the case of a 36-year-old female presenting with vision loss and menstrual irregularities, imaging shows a predominantly cystic lesion in the sellar region with suprasellar extension. She underwent a microscopic transnasal resection of the lesion.

Prevalence and Predictors of Celiac Disease in Children With Constipation.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of celiac disease and its predictors in children with constipation.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between November, 2018 to April, 2020. Children aged 1-12 years were screened for the presence of constipation as per ROME IV criteria and designated as cases.

Shigella as a Cause of Diarrhea Hospitalization in Children Under Five: Evaluation by Conventional and Molecular Methods.

Background And Objectives: is an important cause of diarrhea in children under five, often missed by conventional laboratory methods. Blood in stools has always been a syndromic indicator for diarrhea, but most cases present with watery diarrhea without blood. This study aimed to determine the frequency of detected by molecular and conventional methods in children under five.

Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition, and its Association with Development.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) having vitamin B12 deficiency, its clinical predictors, and its association with development.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 children between 1 mo to 59 mo [mean (SD) age 17 (12.75) mo; 55 males], with diagnosis of SAM as per WHO criteria, were included.

Children with severe acute malnutrition have high rates of bone resorption: A cross-sectional comparative study.

Malnutrition in under-5 children (i.e., children younger than age 5 years) remains a major public health problem.

Municipal solid waste compost: a comprehensive bibliometric data-driven review of 50 years of research and identification of future research themes.

This paper offers a thorough bibliometric review of the literature on municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), focusing on the past two decades. Using an extensive dataset of 827 documents, the research patterns are analyzed via the R-based Bibliometrix package, merging metadata from Web of Science and Scopus. The analysis reveals substantial global growth in MSWC research, with a particular surge in the last 20 years.

Effect of 3% Hypertonic Saline Resuscitation on Lactate Clearance and Its Comparison With 0.9% Normal Saline in Traumatic Injury Patients: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial.

Background:  Fluid resuscitation with normal saline (NS) can aggravate lactate production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of small-volume resuscitation using 3% hypertonic sodium chloride (HS) and its comparison with NS in trauma patients. The primary endpoint was an increase in lactate clearance after 1 hr of fluid resuscitation.

An innovative technique for nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation using SNPA and its comparison with conventional technique: RCT.

Background: Awake nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation by conventional technique is time consuming and requires expertise. Complications encountered in the conventional technique sometime leads to procedure failure.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to compare the innovative technique using split nasopharyngeal airway (SNPA) with the conventional technique for nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation in terms of time taken for intubation.

Ectopic expression of DnaJ type-I protein homolog of () confers ABA insensitivity and multiple stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants.

Reduced crop productivity results from altered plant physiological processes caused by dysfunctional proteins due to environmental stressors. In this study, a novel DnaJ Type-I encoding gene, having a zinc finger motif in its C-terminal domain was found to be induced early upon treatment with heat stress (within 5 min) in a heat tolerant genotype of RMO-40. is induced by multiple stresses.

Dyslipidemia and atherogenic indexes in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia.

Objective: This study endeavored to assess the lipid profile and atherogenic lipid indexes in children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and to compare them with matched healthy children.

Method: The study group consisted of a total of 72 TDT patients aged 3 to14 years, while the control group had 83 age- and sex-matched healthy children. The fasting lipid profile and lipid indexes were estimated and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli's risk indexes I and II, atherogenic coefficient were calculated and compared between the two groups.

The Clinical Study of Anti TPO Antibodies in Patients of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: The association of Type 1 diabetes mellitus with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has been well documented in many populations. The appearance of Anti TPO antibodies precedes thyroid dysfunction and increase in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes. The occurrence of thyroid auto antibodies against microsomes (AMA) and thyroglobulin (ATA), frequently seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease have been reported in type 1 diabetes mellitus with varying frequency.

Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-guided Lumbar Paravertebral Block and Lumbar Epidural Block with Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Patient Undergoing Total Hip Replacement Surgery: A Prospective Randomised, Double-blind Study.

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is mostly performed in patients above 65 years of age. Patients of this age group typically have comorbidities, therefore safe techniques for anaesthesia and analgesia with minimal side effects should be chosen and should allow early mobilisation. Lumbar paravertebral block is less explored in this domain.

Evaluation of Dural Parameters at C1 Level in Patients with Chiari 1 Malformation Following Foramen Magnum and C1 Posterior Arch Removal: Introduction of a Novel Concept to Decompress without Affecting Stability.

Background: Chiari 1 malformation has crowding at craniovertebral junction (CVJ), treated by Foramen magnum decompression (FMD) but is associated with high failure rates, which is explained by recently introduced concept of central instability. So, we propose a new concept of relieving this crowding without affecting stability.

Objective: To derive a threshold for coring out of internal surface of C1 posterior arch instead of complete laminectomy accompanying FMD.

O-Arm Assisted Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation in Type II and Rostral Type III Odontoid Fractures: Single Center Surgical Series of 50 Patients.

Background: Accuracy of screw placement is one of the important factors necessary for adequate union in odontoid fractures with malposition rates as high as 27.2% with standard techniques.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy of intraoperative O-arm assistance in improving accuracy of anterior odontoid screw placement and clinco-radiological outcome in type II and III odontoid fractures.

Single-Stage Posterior Only Approach for Unilateral Atlantoaxial Spondyloptosis with type-II odontoid Fracture in Pediatric Patients.

Objective: When there is a complete slippage of facet joints of C1 over C2 such that there is no contact between the articulating surfaces of C1 and C2, the condition is known as atlantoaxial spondyloptosis (AAS). AAS represents an extremely rare manifestation of atlantoaxial instability. This study was performed to highlight the presentation, radiological features, and management of unilateral AAS in pediatric patients.

A Rare Triad of Lateral Rectus Palsy, Sylvain Fissure Bleed, and Bilateral SDH Shrouding a Benign Pathology.

Background: Arachnoid cysts are benign extra-cerebral congenital lesions that are thought to arise from the splitting of the arachnoid membrane. Although most arachnoid cysts remain static with advancing age, occasionally they can become symptomatic due to cyst enlargement or hemorrhage. Hemorrhage into the arachnoid cysts (intra-cystic hemorrhage) with or without associated subdural hematoma is of rare occurrence.

Country-Made Firearm (Desi-Katta)-Related Cranial Injuries: An Institutional Experience.

Background: Approximately, 80% of civilian cranial gunshot injuries in India are mainly due to unlicensed mostly country-made guns, called the "Desi-Kattas," manufactured by the traditional gunsmiths. These injuries constitute a unique subgroup, with respect to the make and design along with the unique wound ballistics compared to the factory-made firearms.

Objective: This study is aimed at defining the prognostic factors in predicting the outcomes related to cranial gunshot injuries due to these desi-kattas.

Predictors of Postoperative ICU Admission in Patients With COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis.

Background: Studies exploring factors predicting postoperative ICU requirement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) were not found in the literature. The aim was to evaluate the demographic profile, comorbidities, pattern of steroid received, airway assessment, and intraoperative hemodynamic perturbations associated with ICU requirement amongst patients scheduled for sinonasal debridement.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Trans-Oesophageal Migration of Pulled-Out Locking Screw (Zero-Profile Implant System) and its Retrieval Using Suction Catheter: A Technical Note.

Background: Intraoperative trans-esophageal migration of pulled-out screws, especially while using the zero-profile implant system, has been rarely reported in the literature.

Objective: In this technical note, we are describing a simple technique to retrieve a trans-esophageally migrated pulled-out screw using a suction catheter.

Material And Methods: A 32-year-old female presented with spastic quadriparesis.

Primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme: a single-center experience.

Introduction: Primary spinal glioblastoma (GBM) are very rare tumors of the spinal cord, with dismal prognosis and their exact management is controversial. We attempt to formulate treatment guidelines for these extremely rare tumors based on our institutional experience and a comprehensive review of the literature.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study from 2008 to 2020, all the patients diagnosed with primary spinal GBM who underwent surgery at our institution were included.