Artificial neural network in diagnosis of lobular carcinoma of breast in fine-needle aspiration cytology.

In this study, we applied artificial neural network (ANN) for the diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material. We selected a total of 64 cases of histology proven breast lesions consisting of 20 fibroadenomas, 28 infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC), and 16 infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILC). Detailed cytomorphological features were studied on representative Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and May-Grunwald Giemsa stained slides.

'Surgical cure' for non-parathyroid hypercalcemia.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology. Over 90% patients of sarcoidosis present with pulmonary findings. Other organs such as lymph nodes, skin, and joints may be involved.

Expression of nm23 in the spectrum of pre-invasive, invasive and metastatic breast lesions.

Background: Nm23 protein is a metastasis suppressor protein, expressed in all tissues. Reduced Nm23 expression is related to a high incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with cancers. The present study was done to analyze the expression of Nm23 using immunohistochemistry in non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions.

Intracapsular (in situ) carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with unusual clinical and histological features.

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma poses a challenge to diagnosis and treatment. Herein we describe an extremely unusual case, which presented initially as an intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in the right parotid gland. The first recurrence, after an interval of 8 years, showed only recurrence of the benign component.

Clinically unsuspected bilateral malignant pheochromocytoma.

Pheochromocytoma is an uncommon tumor and occurrence of bilateral malignant tumor is extremely rare. Labile hypertension is the common presenting feature of pheochromocytomas. Herein we describe one such case ofbilateral malignant pheochromocytoma, which was clinically silent except for pain and mass in hypochondrium.

Zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompetent patients: a series of 18 cases.

Necrotizing fasciitis is most often associated with bacterial infections. Zygomycosis is an uncommon infection causing necrotizing fasciitis. We report 18 such cases of zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis, of these, 15 were immunocompetent.

Utility of mean nuclear volume in predicting disease-free survival in locally advanced invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate mean nuclear volume (MNV) as a prognostic indicator in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Study Design: Forty-nine consecutive cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix diagnosed in 1995 were analyzed retrospectively for MNV and correlated with outcome at the end of a 5-year follow-up period.

Results: The average MNV among patients with a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and patients with disease recurrence within the same period was 1424.

Fractal dimension in endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To mathematically assess in a pilot study, endometrial glandular margin irregularity in simple hyperplasia, complex atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma with the help of box counting of fractal dimension and to discriminate these lesions on the basis of box counting of fractal dimension of the gland.

Study Design: Ten cases each of endometrial simple hyperplasia (without atypia), complex hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial carcinoma (well-differentiated, endometrioid) were assessed in the study. Five fields at 20 x magnification from each case were randomly selected, and the glands were outlined with the help of a pointer.

Correlation between VEGF expression and angiogenesis in breast carcinoma.

Objective: To analyze the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by tumor cells in angiogenesis of breast carcinoma using image morphometry.

Study Design: Thirty-four cases of node-negative breast carcinoma were used in the study. There were 6 grade 1, 20 grade 2 and 8 grade 3 tumors.

Image morphometry of acute leukemias. Comparison between lymphoid and myeloid subtypes.

Objective: To determine if image morphometry has any role in distinguishing blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-L2) from those of acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M1) and (AML-M2).

Study Design: Ten cases each of ALL-L2, AML-M1 and AML-M2 diagnosed according to the French-American-British criteria were studied. In all cases May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained bone marrow aspiration smears were obtained.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of lobular breast carcinoma. Comparison with other breast lesions.

Objective: To analyze the detailed cytomorphology of lobular breast carcinoma and to compare the cytologic smears of benign, borderline and infiltrating duct carcinoma.

Study Design: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears of histopathologically proven infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC), infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC), borderline lesions and benign breast lesions were selected for study. Detailed cytomorphologic analysis of the smears was carried out on hematoxylin and eosin- and May-Grünwald-Giemsa--stained slides, and a comparison of results was done.

Automated image morphometry of lobular breast carcinoma.

Objective: To analyze the role of automated image morphometry (AIM) in distinguishing infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast from benign, borderline and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC).

Study Design: Only histopathologically proven lobular carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, borderline lesions and benign breast lesions were selected for the study. There were 19 cases of ILC and 30 cases of IDC, 20 cases of benign lesions (fibroadenoma, 18; fibrocystic disease, 1; and fibroadenosis, 1); 10 cases were borderline lesions (mild epithelial hyperplasia, 3; moderate epithelial hyperplasia, 2; florid epithelial hyperplasia 4; intraductal papillary carcinoma, 1).