Breastfeeding as a time-varying-time-dependent factor for birth spacing: multivariate models with validations and predictions.

Data used in the present study are from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-I) 1992-93 (International Institute for Population Sciences 1995), India. Our study has developed Cox model analyses to see the effect of breastfeeding as a time-varying and time-dependent factor on birth spacing. While it is acknowledged that breastfeeding has a protective effect on birth spacing, such analysis of breastfeeding allows for a more nuanced understanding of that effect.

Intrathecal co-administration of morphine and nimodipine produces higher antinociceptive effect by synergistic interaction as evident by injecting different doses of each drug in rats.

Earlier, we reported that morphine-nimodipine combination produces significantly higher antinociception after intrathecal but not after systemic administration in mice. Different doses of morphine and nimodipine (5 microg of morphine, 5 microg of nimodipine, 5 microg each of morphine and nimodipine, 10 microg of morphine, 10 microg of nimodipine, 10 microg morphine with 5 microg nimodipine and 5 microg of morphine with 10 microg of nimodipine) were now injected intrathecally in Wistar rats to further characterise this antinociceptive effect. The acute antinociceptive effect was measured by the tail-flick test between 15 min to 7 h.