Sputum Bacteriology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Hospitalized Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world and will become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. A study was carried out with an objective to study the sputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: A review study was carried out for a sputum culture isolated cases of acute exacerbation of COPD in Kathmandu Model Hospital.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide against endodontic biofilm of : An study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) with calcium hydroxide in the elimination of .

Materials And Methods: Using the broth microdilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs were measured. The antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide and CSNPs against biofilm was qualitatively analyzed using a crystal violet assay.

Embryonic temperature has long-term effects on muscle circRNA expression and somatic growth in Nile tilapia.

Embryonic temperature has a lasting impact on muscle phenotype in vertebrates, involving complex molecular mechanisms that encompass both protein-coding and non-coding genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of regulatory RNAs that play important roles in various biological processes, but the effect of variable thermal conditions on the circRNA transcriptome and its long-term impact on muscle growth plasticity remains largely unexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of circRNAs in fast muscle of Nile tilapia () subjected to different embryonic temperatures (24°C, 28°C and 32°C) and then reared at a common temperature (28°C) for 4 months.

A Randomized Trial of Nafamostat for Covid-19.

BACKGROUND: Nafamostat mesylate is a potent in vitro antiviral agent that inhibits the host transmembrane protease serine 2 enzyme used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 for cell entry. METHODS: This open-label, pragmatic, randomized clinical trial in Australia, New Zealand, and Nepal included noncritically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Participants were randomly assigned to usual care or usual care plus nafamostat.

Anticoagulation Strategies in Non-Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19.

BACKGROUND: Optimal thromboprophylaxis for hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is uncertain. METHODS: In an open-label, adaptive platform trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized adults with Covid-19 to low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis or intermediate-dose or low-dose plus aspirin. In response to external evidence, the aspirin intervention was discontinued and a therapeutic-dose arm added.

Elevation determines the productivity of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) cultivars in Sikkim Himalaya.

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is an economically important cash crop that provides a livelihood option for the rural communities in Sikkim Himalaya. However, its production has declined drastically over the past few decades due to climate change and other factors affecting the livelihood of marginal cardamom-dependent farmers in the region.

Visual satisfaction and spectacle independence with monofocal intraocular lens with enhanced intermediate vision and trifocal intraocular lenses in the prepresbyopic age group patients with cataracts.

Aim: This aims to study visual satisfaction and spectacle independence in prepresbyopic age patients with cataracts after the implantation of either monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with enhanced intermediate vision or trifocal IOL.

Setting: Private practice.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, observational case study was conducted on patients in the prepresbyopic age group with cataracts.

SWOT analysis of ortho-K practice in India.

Purpose: Orthokeratology (ortho-K) has been well established as a methodology for myopia correction and control its progression. A SWOT analysis serves as a strategic planning tool for intervention hence the purpose of this study to establish and implement ortho-K practice in India.

Method: The study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2021.

Antimalarial Activity of Anacardium occidentale Leaf Extracts Against Plasmodium falciparum Transketolase (PfTK).

Background: As per estimates by WHO in 2021 almost half of the world's population was at risk of malaria and > 0.6 million deaths were attributed to malaria. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the antimalarial activity of extracts derived from the leaves of the plant Anacardium occidentale L.

Volatile secondary metabolites of a traditional herb (Wight & Arn.) Maesen (Janglitur) from India.

The hydro-distilled volatile components were obtained from the herb (leaf and stem) of (Wight & Arn.) Maesen (Syn: Wight & Arn.) of the family Fabaceae, commonly known as Janglitur in India, and the essential oil was analysed for the first time using GC-FID and GC-MS.

Posterior capsular opacification and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates in patients implanted with square-edged and non-square-edged intraocular lenses in manual small-incision cataract surgery: A randomized controlled study.

Purpose: To study posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy rates in patients implanted with square-edged and non-square-edged intraocular lenses (IOLs) in manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS).

Setting: Tertiary eye care center.

Design: Prospective, comparative, and randomized controlled study.

Peripapillary nerve fiber layer in patients with iron deficiency anemia: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary eye care center in Central India.

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Settings: The study was conducted at tertiary eye care center in Central India.

Design: This study was a prospective, cross-sectional, case-control, and observational study.

Inherited Lipid Disorders in Children: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre.

Background: Primary dyslipidaemia in children is a rare inherited disorder of lipoprotein metabolism with debilitating sequelae and poor outcomes. Lipid-lowering drugs have less often been used in children and long-term outcome studies are scarce. The purpose of this study was to understand the clinical and laboratory profile, response to treatment on follow up and outcome of primary dyslipidaemia in Indian children.

Effect of different irrigants on the push-out bond strength of biodentine and TheraCal LC when used for perforation repair in simulated condition.

Background: Perforation repair materials should have excellent sealing ability and dislodgement resistance. While several materials have been employed for perforation repair, newer calcium-silicate materials, such as Biodentine and TheraCal LC, have shown promising outcomes.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigants on the dislodgement resistance of Biodentine and TheraCal LC when used for perforation repair in simulated conditions.

Computational and experimental pharmacology to decode the efficacy of L. against doxorubicin-induced organ toxicity in EAC-mediated solid tumor-induced mice.

Doxorubicin is extensively utilized chemotherapeutic drug, and it causes damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys through oxidative stress. L (cocoa) is reported to possess protective effects against several chemical-induced organ damages and also acts as an anticancer agent. The study aimed to determine whether the administration of cocoa bean extract reduces doxorubicin-induced organ damage in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) without compromising doxorubicin efficacy.

Study of the relationship between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the association between serum lipid levels and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: In this case-control study, 50 patients with POAG documented by clinical tests using standard ophthalmologic equipment and 50 age-matched controls were investigated. Twelve-hour fasting serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), were compared between the cases and controls.

Eye Donation: Knowledge, Beliefs, Awareness, and Willingness Among Ambulance Drivers in Central India.

Aim: To determine the awareness about and willingness to donate eyes among ambulance drivers in Central India.

Design: Prospective, observational, noncomparative, and cross-sectional survey study.

Setting: Tertiary eye care center in Central India.

Anti-Cholera toxin activity of selected polyphenols from , , and .

Introduction: , , and are traditionally used to treat diarrheal diseases in India and were reported to show anti-Cholera toxin activity from our earlier studies. As polyphenols are reported to neutralize Cholera toxin (CT), the present study investigated the inhibitory activity of selected polyphenols from these plants against CTB binding to GM1 receptor using , , and approaches.

Methods: Molecular modelling approach was used to investigate the intermolecular interactions of selected 20 polyphenolic compounds from three plants with CT using DOCK6.

Is survival of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara) threatened? An evaluation based on predicted scenarios of its growth trend under future climate change.

Global warming is likely to become one of the significant drivers of forest losses in the Hindu-Kush Himalaya (HKH) during the 21 century. Better understanding of how forest ecosystem will respond to global warming requires a precise knowledge of site and species specific responses to climate change. We applied dendrochronological technique to quantify and predict future growth trend of Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara), a tree of high commercial importance, and explored its spatial growth variability under two different climatic regimes from 17 deodar sites in the HKH.

Prodigious chemotypic variance in essential oil constituents of DC. herb and root.

The essential oil of DC. (Asteraceae) herb (leaves and stems) (BEHO) and roots (BERO) was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The chemical constituents of BEHO and BERO were identified according to their mass spectra and relative retention indices.

To study the learning curve of capsulorhexis in manual small incision cataract surgery among postgraduate residents in central India.

Purpose: To evaluate the learning curve of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and to assess the number of surgeries required to master it among residents in a postgraduate teaching institute.

Methods: The present prospective observational study was based on the completion time and complication rates related to CCC performed using various techniques by 10 students in the 2 (JR2) and 3-year (JR3) of residency. CCC was performed either by a cystotome or capsulorhexis forceps or by a combined method in 253 eyes, of which 160 eyes (63.