Toll-like receptor (TLR) 22, a non-mammalian TLR in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Characterisation, ontogeny and inductive expression upon exposure with bacteria and ligands.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 22 is a non-mammalian TLR found mostly in teleosts and characterized initially as a cell surface surveillance receptor for detecting extracellular long dsRNA. In the current study, the full-length cDNA sequence consisting of 3312 nucleotides encoding for 960 amino acids in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) TLR22 (AsTLR22) was identified. From the putative protein sequence, signature TLR domains such as 18 LRR domains, two transmembrane domains, a single LRR_CT domain and an intracellular TIR domain could be predicted.

How does technology pathway choice influence economic viability and environmental impacts of lignocellulosic biorefineries?

Background: The need for liquid fuels in the transportation sector is increasing, and it is essential to develop industrially sustainable processes that simultaneously address the tri-fold sustainability metrics of technological feasibility, economic viability, and environmental impacts. Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic feedstocks could yield high-value products such as ethyl acetate, dodecane, ethylene, and hexane. This work focuses on assessing biochemical and biomass to electricity platforms for conversion of Banagrass and Energycane into valuable fuels and chemicals using the tri-fold sustainability metrics.

Preschool Predictors of ADHD Symptoms and Impairment During Childhood and Adolescence.

Purpose Of Review: This paper summarizes key, recently published research examining longitudinal outcomes for preschoolers with high levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Recent Findings: Symptom trajectories show that hyperactivity/impulsivity declines across childhood. At the group level, the course of inattention appears more variable.

Uncertainties in the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman source through nonlinear stochastic inversion of tsunami waves.

Numerical inversions for earthquake source parameters from tsunami wave data usually incorporate subjective elements to stabilize the search. In addition, noisy and possibly insufficient data result in instability and non-uniqueness in most deterministic inversions, which are barely acknowledged. Here, we employ the satellite altimetry data for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami event to invert the source parameters.

Molecular characterisation, ontogeny and expression analysis of melanoma differentiation-associated factor 5 (MDA5) from Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer.

MDA5 is the pivotal member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and is reported to play a crucial role in type I IFN-mediated responses against pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), especially nucleic acids. In this study, we have identified and cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of MDA5, which comprises 3398 nucleotides and encodes for a putative protein of 978 AA length, in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. From the putative amino acid sequence of AsMDA5, four different conserved domains could be predicted: two N-terminal CARD domains, a DExDc domain, a HELICc domain and a C-terminal RIG-1_C-RD domain.

Effect of solids loading on ethanol production: Experimental, economic and environmental analysis.

This study explores the effect of high-solids loading for a fed batch enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The solids loading considered was 19%, 30% and 45% using wheat straw and corn stover as a feedstock. Based on the experimental results, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessments were performed.

Evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative expression studies in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) during ontogenesis and in tissues of healthy and infected fishes.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), used to determine the gene expression profile, is an important tool in functional genomic research, including fishes. To obtain more robust and meaningful result, the best possible normalization of the data is of utmost significance. In the present study, we have evaluated the potential of five commonly used housekeeping genes i.

Evaluation of cytotoxicity of hematite nanoparticles in bacteria and human cell lines.

Metal nanoparticles have a great impact and even change the composition of soil microbial communities. This poses the risk of their accumulation in the ecosystem, which may call on health hazard. Statistical techniques such as Plackett-Burman design, Response Surface Methodology were used for optimizing medium constituents for Bacillus cereus SVK1 and other critical variables responsible for the production of biomolecules and biosynthesis of hematite nanoparticles.

Tissue specific expression profile of some immune related genes in Labeo rohita to Edwardsiella tarda infection.

Rohu (Labeo rohita), an Indian Major Carp (IMC) is an economically important aquaculture species in India. Inspite of the technological advances, infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites have been a major limiting factor in the development and profitability of fish farms. At present, information regarding the immune status of the Indian major carps is limited.

Detection of increased vasa vasorum in artery walls: Improving CT number accuracy using image deconvolution.

Changes in arterial wall perfusion are an indicator of early atherosclerosis. This is characterized by an increased spatial density of vasa vasorum (VV), the micro-vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the arterial wall. Detection of increased VV during contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging is limited due to contamination from blooming effect from the contrast-enhanced lumen.

Assessment of Autonomic Dysfunction in Acute Stroke Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: In patients who present with acute cerebro-vascular disease, autonomic function testing is usually not given its due importance. This is because of the complex nature of the autonomic function tests and the relative technical difficulty faced in administering the tests to the patients. A simple and non-invasive method to assess the autonomic dysfunction is measurement of resting Heart Rate Variability (HRV).

Modulation of innate immune responses and induction of oxidative stress biomarkers in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus following an experimental infection with dactylogyrid monogeneans.

Modulation of innate immune activity and oxidative stress response of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus through experimental infection with (Thaparocleidus sp.) dactylogyrid monogenean was studied. A standard cohabitation method was used to infect healthy experimental fish.

Gs-DREADD Knock-In Mice for Tissue-Specific, Temporal Stimulation of Cyclic AMP Signaling.

Hundreds of hormones and ligands stimulate cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in different tissues through the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although the functions and individual effectors of cAMP signaling are well characterized in many tissues, pleiotropic effects of GPCR agonists limit investigations of physiological functions of cAMP signaling in individual cell types at different developmental stages To facilitate studies of cAMP signaling in specific cell populations , we harnessed the power of DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) technology by creating -based knock-in mice for the conditional expression of a Gs-coupled DREADD (rM3Ds-green fluorescent protein [GFP], or "GsD"). After Cre recombinase expression, GsD is activated temporally by the administration of the ligand clozapine -oxide (CNO).

Identification, ontogeny and expression analysis of a novel laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) transcript in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer.

LGP2 (laboratory of genetics and physiology 2) is an important member of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), which plays a significant role in antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we have cloned the full-length cDNA sequence of LGP2 from Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (AsLGP2). The complete AsLGP2 cDNA sequence consisted of 2586 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 681 amino acids with a molecular mass of 77.

Relationship between psoriasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Introduction: Various components of metabolic syndrome have an important role in the pathogenesis of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and psoriasis, suggesting an association between these diseases. However, at present very few studies have reported on the systematic evaluations of the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis disorder.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.

Haemato-biochemical, non-specific immunity, antioxidant capacity and histopathological changes in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed rubber protein isolate.

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the haemato-biochemical, innate immune response, antioxidant capacity and histopathological changes in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed rubber protein isolates (RPI). One hundred and eighty fingerlings (average weight 4.45 ± 0.

Chest radiographic manifestations of scrub typhus.

Background And Rationale: Respiratory system involvement in scrub typhus is seen in 20-72% of patients. In endemic areas, good understanding and familiarity with the various radiologic findings of scrub typhus are essential in identifying pulmonary complications.

Materials And Methods: Patients admitted to a tertiary care center with scrub typhus between October 2012 and September 2013 and had a chest X ray done were included in the analysis.

Carbapenem Resistance in Clonally Distinct Clinical Strains of Vibrio fluvialis Isolated from Diarrheal Samples.

Carbapenems have been used for many years to treat severe nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae infections. The spread of resistance to these drugs among other bacterial families is an emerging problem worldwide, mostly caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). We screened for the prevalence of NDM-1-expressing enteric pathogens from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Kolkata, India, and identified 27 Vibrio fluvialis-harboring blaNDM-1 (NDM-VF) strains.

Correction: Knock-in Luciferase Reporter Mice for In Vivo Monitoring of CREB Activity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Identification of Nod like receptor C3 (NLRC3) in Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: Characterisation, ontogeny and expression analysis after experimental infection and ligand stimulation.

Nod like receptors (NLRs) are a large group of cytoplasmic PRRs believed to play an important role in bacterial recognition in higher vertebrates. In this study, a novel Nod like receptor C3 (AsNLRC3) has been identified, cloned and characterised from Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. The full-length AsNLRC3 transcript composed of a 4142 bp nucleic acid sequence encode for a protein of 1134 deduced amino acids.

Knock-in Luciferase Reporter Mice for In Vivo Monitoring of CREB Activity.

The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is induced during fasting in the liver, where it stimulates transcription of rate-limiting gluconeogenic genes to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Adenoviral and transgenic CREB reporters have been used to monitor hepatic CREB activity non-invasively using bioluminescence reporter imaging. However, adenoviral vectors and randomly inserted transgenes have several limitations.

Report of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) from Scylla serrata: Ontogeny, molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis following ligand stimulation, and upon bacterial and viral infections.

Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins are present in all living organisms, and their participation in signal transduction and defense mechanisms has been elucidated in humans and mosquitoes. LRRs possibly involve in protein-protein interactions also and show differential expression pattern upon challenge with pathogens. In the present study, a new LRR gene was identified in mud crab, Scylla serrata.

Quantitative imaging of excised osteoarthritic cartilage using spectral CT.

Objectives: To quantify iodine uptake in articular cartilage as a marker of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content using multi-energy spectral CT.

Methods: We incubated a 25-mm strip of excised osteoarthritic human tibial plateau in 50 % ionic iodine contrast and imaged it using a small-animal spectral scanner with a cadmium telluride photon-processing detector to quantify the iodine through the thickness of the articular cartilage. We imaged both spectroscopic phantoms and osteoarthritic tibial plateau samples.