Traumatic brain injury and the post-concussion syndrome: A diffusion tensor tractography study.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) as a tool for detecting diffuse axonal injury in patients of acute, mild, and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), using two diffusion variables: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). The correlation of these indices with the severity of post-concussive symptoms was also assessed.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients with acute, mild, or moderate TBI and twelve age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited.

(18)F-FDG PET/CT in an unusual case of cardiac plexiform neurofibromatosis.

Cardiac involvement is rare in neurofibromatosis 1 (NF 1). Very few cases of cardiac masses in this entity have been documented in the world literature. We present the F-FDG PET/CT findings in a rare case of cardiac plexiform neurofibromatosis.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a case of non-ketotic hyperglycemia.

Hemichorea and generalized chorea are rare syndromes associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia. This disorder usually afflicts elderly females, and may herald the onset of new onset diabetes, usually type 2. There are conflicting reports of the underlying pathophysiology of this rare entity.

Surface levels of CD20 determine anti-CD20 antibodies mediated cell death in vitro.

Background: The sensitivity of human Burkitt's lymphoma cells to rituximab (Rtx) and tositumomab (Tst) was assessed on cells expressing different levels of CD20 on surface. Cells that harbor low CD20 levels may resists against therapeutics response to CD20-specific antibodies. We postulated that, radiation-induced modulation of CD20 surface levels may play a crucial and central role in determining the relative efficacy of rituximab and tositumomab in treating Burkitt's lymphoma disease.

FDG-PET/CT in lymphoma.

Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases that arise from the constituent cells of the immune system or from their precursors. 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) is now the cornerstone of staging procedures in the state-of-the-art management of Hodgkin's disease and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It plays an important role in staging, restaging, prognostication, planning appropriate treatment strategies, monitoring therapy, and detecting recurrence.

Connexin-43 regulates p38-mediated cell migration and invasion induced selectively in tumour cells by low doses of γ-radiation in an ERK-1/2-independent manner.

Radiotherapy exposes certain regions of solid tumours to low sublethal doses of γ-radiation that may cause secondary malignancies. Therefore, evaluating low-dose-γ-radiation-induced alterations in tumorigenic potential and understanding their mechanisms could help in improving radiotherapy outcome. Limited studies have indicated connexin (Cx) up-regulation by low doses, whereas Cxs are independently shown to alter cell migration in unirradiated cells.

White matter damage is associated with memory decline in chronic alcoholics: a quantitative diffusion tensor tractography study.

Neuroimaging studies have reported an association between white matter integrity and cognitive performance in normal aging and various neuropathological conditions. We compared alcoholics with controls and hypothesized that the degree of disconnection of white matter fibers would be negatively correlated with memory dysfunction scores. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based tractography and PGI-memory scale (PGIMS) test was performed in 10 abstinent chronic alcoholic and 10 demographically equivalent control men.

Induced pluripotent stem cells: fundamentals and applications of the reprogramming process and its ramifications on regenerative medicine.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive source of information about the reprogramming process and induced pluripotency.

Background: The ability of stem cells to renew their own population and to differentiate into specialized cell types has always attracted researchers looking to exploit this potential for cellular replacement therapies, pharmaceutical testing and studying developmental pathways. While adult stem cell therapy has already been brought to the clinic, embryonic stem cell research has been beset with legal and ethical impediments.

Prospective evaluation of solitary thyroid nodule on 18F-FDG PET/CT and high-resolution ultrasonography.

Purpose: The utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of thyroid nodules is unclear as there are several conflicting reports on the usefulness of SUV as an indicator to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid lesions. This study incorporated an additional parameter, namely dual time point imaging, to determine the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT imaging. The performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT was compared to that of high-resolution ultrasound which is routinely used for the evaluation of thyroid nodules.