An OECD TG 428 study ring trial with C-Caffeine demonstrating repeatability and robustness of the dermal absorption in vitro method.

The dermal absorption potential of C-Caffeine applied as a 4 mg/mL concentration (10 μL/cm finite dose) was investigated in six laboratories under Good Laboratory Practice conditions using an OECD TG 428-compliant in vitro assay with flow-through cells and split-thickness human skin. Potential sources of variation were reduced by a standardized protocol, test item and skin source. Particularly, skin samples from same donors were distributed over two repeats and between labs in a non-random, stratified design.

The food contaminant acetamide is not an in vivo clastogen, aneugen, or mutagen in rodent hematopoietic tissue.

Acetamide (CAS 60-35-5) is classified by IARC as a Group 2B, possible human carcinogen, based on the induction of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats following chronic exposure to high doses. Recently, acetamide was found to be present in a variety of human foods, warranting further investigation. The regulatory body JECFA has previously noted conflicting reports on acetamide's ability to induce micronuclei (MN) in mice in vivo.

Comparison of in chemico skin sensitization methods and development of an in chemico skin photosensitization assay.

Chemical substances that induce an allergic response in skin upon contact are called skin allergens or sensitizers, while chemical substances that elicit an allergic response only in presence of light are called photoallergens or photo sensitizers. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA, OECD N⁰ 442C, 2015) and the Amino Acid Derivative Reactivity Assay (ADRA) are in chemico assays used to discriminate between allergens and non-allergens. The DPRA and the ADRA, respectively, monitor the depletion of model peptides and modified amino acids induced by crosslinking with test chemicals.