Role of Pediatricians in Early Childhood Nurturing Care Related to Safety and Security.

The five components of nurturing care for early childhood development (good health, adequate nutrition, responsive parenting, early opportunities for learning, and safety and security) are essential for the attainment of the optimal developmental potential of a child, and enabling him/her to become a productive adult. Safety is a state of protection from hazards caused by natural forces or unintentional human error, whereas security comprises of protection from hazards resulting from deliberate, harmful actions or inimical behavior. Unlike the other components, safety and security have been least addressed by health programs in India.

Children at Work, Child Labor and Modern Slavery in India: An Overview.

There is a large child work force in India reported to be about 40 million. Child labor is being regarded as a form of modern slavery, as children are forced to work or have no choice to refuse work. Children are employed in a variety of occupations, many of which are hazardous.

Ureterocele in newborns, infants and children: Ten year prospective study with primary endoscopic deroofing and double J (DJ) stenting.

Aim: To evaluate the success of endoscopic deroofing with double J (DJ) stenting as a primary treatment modality of uncomplicated ureterocele.

Patients And Methods: All babies with uncomplicated ureterocele referred to us between 2005 and 2015 were to be prospectively recruited into the study without any exception. The preoperative management would include ultrasound KUB on a fixed protocol, micturating cystourethrogram, DTPA scan and MRU (magnetic resonance urography) or IVP (intravenous pyelography).

Robotic augmentation ileocystoplasty with bilateral ureteric reimplantation in a young child with neuropathic bladder.

Neuropathic bladder in children is most commonly secondary to spina bifida. The management starts early in life. The modalities of treatment vary depending on the severity of the symptoms.

Management of complicated ureteroceles: Different modalities of treatment and long-term outcome.

The presentation and management of ureterocele has been rarely reported from India and is limited to an odd case report. They can be detected antenatally, may have incidental diagnosis or present with consequences of obstructive uropathy. They always present with secondary complications in adulthood, if the diagnosis and treatment is missed in early years of life.

Indiana pouch in children: a 15-year experience.

Objective: We report our experience with the Indiana pouch (continent urinary reservoir) in 12 consecutive children over the last 15 years and report their follow-up.

Material And Methods: Twelve consecutive children, who underwent the continent urinary reservoir procedure in the form of an Indiana pouch, were prospectively enrolled in the study. All consecutive children who were referred to our service with multiple failed surgeries for exstrophy-epispadias repair, cloacal exstrophy, genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma with residual disease in the trigonal area not amenable to partial cystectomy, and neuropathic bladder with nephrogenic metaplasia were included over the period 1997-2012.

Physiological and functional evaluation of the transposed human pylorus as a distal sphincter.

Background/aims: Studies evaluating the human pylorus as a sphincter are scanty and contradictory. Recently, we have shown technical feasibility of transposing the human pylorus for end-stage fecal incontinence. This unique cohort of patients provided us an opportunity to study the sphincter properties of the pylorus in its ectopic position.

Disease course in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

Objective: To review the disease course in patients with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and the factors that determine outcome

Design: Retrospective, analytical

Setting: Pediatric Nephrology Clinic at referral center in North India

Participants/patients: All patients with SSNS evaluated between 1990 and 2005 INTERVENTION: None

Main Outcome Measures: Disease course, in patients with at least 1-yr follow up, was categorized as none or infrequent relapses (IFR), frequent relapses or steroid dependence (FR), and late resistance. Details on complications and therapy with alternative agents were recorded.

Results: Records of 2603 patients (74.

Efficacy and safety of treatment with rituximab for difficult steroid-resistant and -dependent nephrotic syndrome: multicentric report.

Background And Objectives: The treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is often complicated by a refractory and relapsing course, with risk of drug toxicity and progressive renal failure. We report the efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with steroid-resistant (SRNS) and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) refractory to standard therapy.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This was a cohort study in academic, tertiary care centers in India and the United States.

Intravenous cyclophosphamide in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

We prospectively examined the effect of treatment with intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Twenty-four patients (minimal change disease in 11, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 9, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 4), who did not show remission of proteinuria despite treatment with 8 weeks of oral prednisolone and six intravenous pulses of dexamethasone, were studied. Cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously, at a dose of 750 mg/m(2) once a month for 6 months; therapy with alternate-day prednisolone was continued.