Efficient regioselective acylation of quercetin using Rhizopus oryzae lipase and its potential as antioxidant.

The present investigation describes the regioselective enzymatic acylation of quercetin with ferulic acid using Rhizopus oryzae lipase. Optimization of reaction parameters resulted in 93.2% yield of the ester synthesized using 750IU of lipase in cyclo-octane at a temperature of 45°C.

High production of erythritol from Candida sorbosivorans SSE-24 and its inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.

Amongst different isolates screened for erythritol production, isolate no. SSE-24 was found to be the best erythritol producer and identified as Candida sorbosivorans SSE-24. Statistical optimization was used to determine the optimum level of the significant variables for maximum erythritol production.

Purification and characterization of a novel and robust L-asparaginase having low-glutaminase activity from Bacillus licheniformis: in vitro evaluation of anti-cancerous properties.

L-asparaginase having low glutaminase has been a key therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute lymphpoblastic leukemia (A.L.L).

Eco-friendly methodology for efficient synthesis and scale-up of 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate using Rhizopus oryzae lipase and its biological evaluation.

Lipase-mediated synthesis of phenolic acid esters is a green and economical alternative to current chemical methods. Octyl methoxycinnamate, an important UVB-absorbing compound, was synthesized by the esterification of p-methoxycinnamic acid with 2-ethyl hexanol using Rhizopus oryzae lipase. A molar ratio of 1:2 of p-methoxycinnamic acid and 2-ethyl hexanol was found to give an optimum yield using cyclo-octane (50 ml) as reaction solvent, at a temperature of 45 °C, and 750 U of lipase, resulting in a yield of 91.

Treatment of wheat straw using tannase and white-rot fungus to improve feed utilization by ruminants.

Background: Current research to enrich cattle feed has primarily focused on treatment using white rot fungi, while there are scarce reports using the enzyme tannase, which is discussed only in reviews or in the form of a hypothesis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tannase on wheat straw (WS) and also the effect of lyophilized tannase at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.

Organic synthesis of maize starch-based polymer using Rhizopus oryzae lipase, scale up, and its characterization.

The industrial utilization of native starches is limited because of their inherit nature, with characteristics such as water insolubility and their tendency to form unstable pastes and gels. In this investigation, a lipase produced from Rhizopus oryzae was used for modification of maize starch with palmitic acid at a reaction temperature of 45°C for 18 hr in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The synthesis of maize starch palmitate was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra with a higher degree of substitution (DS) of 1.

Statistical approach to study the interactive effects of process parameters for enhanced xylitol production by Candida tropicalis and its potential for the synthesis of xylitol monoesters.

Previous results showed that an indigenously isolated yeast strain of Candida tropicalis was found to produce 12.11 g/L of xylitol under unoptimized conditions in presence of 50 g/L of xylose. In the present study, optimizing the process using one-variable at-a-time resulted in the production of 59.

A novel thin-layer chromatography method to screen 1,3-propanediol producers.

To date, there is no established protocol for the screening of 1,3-propanediol producers. The proposed method has a wide applicability to harness the commercial potential of microorganisms which produce 1,3-propanediol as the end product. Glycerol fermentation broth of 50 bacteria spotted on thin-layer chromatography plates and run by appropriate solvent systems followed by colour development using vanillin reagent gave different coloured spots with most of the compounds present in the fermentation broth.

A comparative study of solvent-assisted pretreatment of biodiesel derived crude glycerol on growth and 1,3-propanediol production from Citrobacter freundii.

The rapidly growing biodiesel industry has created a scenario, where it is both important and challenging to deal with the enormous amount of crude glycerol generated as an inherent by-product. With every 100 gallons of biodiesel produced, 5-10 gallons of the crude glycerol is left behind containing several impurities which makes its disposal difficult. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol upon microbial growth and production of 1,3-propanediol by Citrobacter freundii.

Bacillus sphaericus: the highest bacterial tannase producer with potential for gallic acid synthesis.

An indigenously isolated strain of Bacillus sphaericus was found to produce 1.21 IU/ml of tannase under unoptimized conditions. Optimizing the process one variable at a time resulted in the production of 7.

A novel downstream process for 1,3-propanediol from glycerol-based fermentation.

In this paper, a downstream process for purification of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol-based fermentation broth was investigated. The purification of 1,3-propanediol from fermentation broth was achieved by a process combining microfiltration, charcoal treatment, vacuum distillation, and silica gel chromatography. The broth was first filtered through hollow fiber cartridge, wherein 98.

Production of milk-clotting protease from Bacillus subtilis.

An indigenous Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from soil was found to be a potent milk-clotting protease (mcp) producer. Production optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) yielded 1,190 U/ml of enzyme in medium containing 6% fructose, 1% casein, 0.3% NH4NO3, 10 mM CaCl2, pH 6.

Statistical optimization of conditions for protease production from Bacillus sp. and its scale-up in a bioreactor.

A statistical approach, response surface methodology (RSM), was used to study the production of extracellular protease from Bacillus sp., which has properties of immense industrial importance. The most influential parameters for protease production obtained through the method of testing the parameters one at a time were starch, soybean meal, CaCl2, agitation rate, and inoculum density.

Purification, immobilization and characterization of tannase from Penicillium variable.

Tannase from Penicillium variable IARI 2031 was purified by a two-step purification strategy comprising of ultra-filtration using 100 kDa molecular weight cutoff and gel-filtration using Sephadex G-200. A purification fold of 135 with 91% yield of tannase was obtained. The enzyme has temperature and pH optima of 50 degrees C and 5 degrees C, respectively.

A modified method for the detection of microbial proteases on agar plates using tannic acid.

In routine assay for the screening of microbes producing proteases, 10% trichloroaceticacid (TCA) is flooded on the milk agar plates after inoculation and required incubation to precipitate the protein. However, the clarity of the hydrolyzed zone is not very sharp and distinct. We herein present an improved assay for detecting the presence of extracellular protease from microorganisms on agar plates.

A statistical approach to study the interactive effects of process parameters on succinic acid production from Bacteroides fragilis.

A statistical approach response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the production of succinic acid from Bacteroides fragilis. The most influential parameters for succinic acid production obtained through one-at-a-time method were glucose, tryptone, sodium carbonate, inoculum size and incubation period. These resulted in the production of 5.

In vitro biomechanical properties of linear, circular, and hybrid external skeletal fixation devices for use in large ruminants.

Objective: To report the biomechanical properties of 3 external skeletal fixation (ESF) devices for use in large ruminants.

Study Design: In vitro biomechanical testing of ESF constructs.

Sample Population: Adult buffalo (weighing, 250-350 kg) tibiae (n=27).

Effect of process parameters on succinic acid production in Escherichia coli W3110 and enzymes involved in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle.

The effect of process optimization on succinic acid production by Escherichia coli W3110 and on enzymes involved in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle was studied. Approximately, 7.02 g L-1 of succinic acid was produced in 60 h at pH 7.

Succinic acid production from Bacteroides fragilis: process optimization and scale up in a bioreactor.

We report the effect of different physiological and nutritional parameters on succinic acid production from Bacteroides fragilis. This strain initially produced 0.70gL(-1) of succinic acid in 60h.

A highly thermostable and alkaline amylase from a Bacillus sp. PN5.

A highly thermostable alkaline amylase producing Bacillus sp. PN5 was isolated from soil, which yielded 65.23 U mL(-1) of amylase in medium containing (%) 0.

Bioaccumulation of copper by Trichoderma viride.

Studies were carried out on interaction of Trichoderma viride with copper and reports bioaccumulation as a mechanism of copper tolerance during growth. There was a marked increase in the lag phase of the growth, which was concentration dependent. At a concentration of 100 mg/L of CuCl2.

A statistical method for enhancing the production of succinic acid from Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions.

The most influential parameters for succinic acid production obtained through one at a time method were sucrose, tryptone, magnesium carbonate, inoculum size and incubation period. These resulted in the production of 7.0 g L(-1) of succinic acid in 60 h from Escherichia coli W3110 under anaerobic conditions.