Norovirus outbreaks due to contaminated drinking water and probable person-to-person transmission, Kerala, India, 2021.

Background: In July 2021, the Alappuzha district in Kerala, India, reported an unexpected number of acute gastroenteritis (772) cases (Outbreak A). On October 10, 2021, a university in Wayanad, Kerala, reported 25 acute gastroenteritis cases (Outbreak B). We described both the outbreaks and determined the agent, source and risk factors.

Spatial analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in an urban area of Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the second leading cause of death in India. The objective of this study was to map COPD cases and its risk factors and to determine the association between them using geographic information system (GIS) in a semi-urban area of Trivandrum, South India.

Materials And Methods: This community-based cross-sectional, descriptive study (n = 494) was conducted in a subcenter area of a primary health center.

Contamination of Household Open Wells in an Urban Area of Trivandrum, Kerala State, India: A Spatial Analysis of Health Risk Using Geographic Information System.

Objective: To assess the sanitary condition and water quality of household wells and to depict it spatially using Geographic Information System (GIS) in an urban area of Trivandrum, Kerala state, India.

Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional census-type study.

Methods: Study was conducted in an urban area of Trivandrum.

Role of Geographic Information System in Assessing Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease: An Experience From a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The determinants of CVD in an urban population using conventional and geographic information system techniques were attempted as a community-based census-type cross-sectional study in Kerala, India, among 1649 individuals residing in 452 households. Sociodemographic details, risk factor exposures, and self-reported disease prevalence were determined.