Intratumoral Heterogeneity, Chemoresistance and Lymph Node Landing Zone Prognosis in Testicular Tumors Based on Histopathological Characteristics.

Background: Existing data on the histopathological correlation of testicular tumors with lymph node prognosis have been poorly explored. We aimed to investigate the relationship of the histopathological properties of testicular tumors with lymph nodes and their involvement with chemoresistance and heterogeneity of testicular tumors.

Methods: Patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) were selected for histopathological correlation of testicular tumor with lymph nodes and its relationship with chemoresistance and heterogeneity.

Arteriovenous malformation of ureter presenting without hematuria: An unusual presentation of a rare disease.

Genitourinary tract arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare. Most of the lesions are found either in the kidney or urinary bladder. So far, to the best of our knowledge, only five cases of arteriovenous malformation of the ureter have been reported in the literature.

Combining Prostate-Specific Antigen Parameters With Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Score Version 2.0 to Improve Its Diagnostic Accuracy.

Background: Any non-invasive test that can predict the absence of prostate cancer (PCa) or absence of clinically significant PCa (CSPCa) is necessary, as it can reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies in patients with gray zone prostate-specific antigen (PSA, 4 - 10 ng/mL). This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of free PSA% and PSA density (PSAD), and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) score (version 2.0) alone and combined in predicting CSPCa in patients with PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour with extension to vesicoureteric junction.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumour (MEST) is an uncommon renal tumour with a tendency to protrude into the collecting system. We present a 50-year-old woman with a renal tumour extending up to the vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) who was suspected to have an upper tract transitional cell carcinoma for which a nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed a MEST arising from the kidney and extending up to the VUJ.

Rare case of gangrene of penis in a patient with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.

Gangrene of the penis in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis is a rare occurrence. Such patients often have associated comorbidities such as type II diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension, along with secondary hyperparathyroidism leading to dystrophic calcification. These conditions accelerate the process of atherosclerosis, which, along with calcium deposition, causes partial or complete obstruction of the blood vessel lumen, leading to ischaemic necrosis at the tip of the penis.

Predictors of Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Due to the infrequency of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there is currently a paucity of high-quality literature to help guide the effective treatment of these tumors. Recently, biomarkers such as platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation (SII) index and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) have been demonstrated to be closely related to poor prognosis of patients with RCC. The objective of this study was to evaluate these biomarkers for determining the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic non-clear cell cancer.

Concealed cysts presenting as 'Club' penis: a case report.

Background: Penile swellings are not very common. They usually present as an obvious lesion visible and palpable either on the penile shaft, glans, or prepuce. Rarely, benign swellings may be concealed by phimosis and can present as "club" penis.

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWMRI) in Assessment of Primary Penile Tumor Characteristics and Its Correlations With Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis: A Prospective Study.

Background: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy. The extent of lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in penile cancer. However, preoperative prediction of LN involvement in clinically non-palpable LN is still a challenge.

Emphysematous infections of the urinary tract - an audit of 20 patients with review of literature.

Emphysematous infection of the urinary tract is a rapidly progressive, necrotizing infection which results into collection of gas and subsequent destruction of the tissues. Although very rare among general population, such necrotizing infection is common, particularly among those with compromised immune status. With the rising trend of people afflicted with diabetes mellitus globally, this fulminating infection may pose a serious threat to the medical fraternity.

Role of primary chemotherapy in management of large tumors of undescended testis: Our experience.

Objective: This study aimed to share our experience with tumors of undescended testis (UDT) and to assess the impact of primary cisplatin-based chemotherapy on such tumors.

Materials And Methods: This study included the cases of tumor in UDT from February 2005 to December 2011. Evaluation of the cases was done with proper clinical examination and laboratory investigations along with tumor markers (alfa-feto protein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, lactate dehydrogenase) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen.

Correlation between differential renal function estimation using CT-based functional renal parenchymal volume and (99m)Tc - DTPA renal scan.

Introduction And Objective: Nuclear renal scan is currently the gold standard imaging study to determine differential renal function. We propose helical CT as single modality for both the anatomical and functional evaluation of kidney with impaired function. In the present study renal parenchymal volume is measured and percent total renal volume is used as a surrogate marker for differential renal function.

Case report: renal infarct mimicking renal mass: further rationale for minimally invasive management.

A 55-year-old man presented with an exophytic asymptomatic right renal lower-pole mass simulating a renal-cell carcinoma. He underwent retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy, and histopathologic examination revealed a chronic renal infarct with calcifications. We report this case to stimulate the inclusion of focal chronic renal infarct in the differential diagnosis of asymptomatic renal masses, as well as to advocate a minimally invasive approach to appropriate renal lesions.

Leiomyoma of the female urethra. A case report.

We report a case of leiomyoma of the female urethra and a review of the literature. A mass protruding from the urethral meatus caused voiding difficulty and dysuria. Uroflowmetry showed an obstructive pattern with low maximum urine flow.

Unusual cause of hematuria.

The leech is an invertebrate which has the habit of entering the anatomical orifices of man and animals. During the process of sucking blood it releases an anticoagulant and causes continuous bleeding from the bite site. A leech as a cause of gross hematuria is unusual.

Polymerase chain reaction in clinically suspected genitourinary tuberculosis: comparison with intravenous urography, bladder biopsy, and urine acid fast bacilli culture.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of urinary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) in patients with a clinical suspicion of genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) and to compare its sensitivity with intravenous urography (IVU), bladder biopsy, and urine culture for acid fast bacilli (AFB).

Methods: The study was carried out between September 1997 and December 1998 in 42 patients with a clinical suspicion of GUTB. Their clinical features, organ involvement, and investigation results were studied.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate: a randomized controlled study.

Objectives: To determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on infective complications after transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate.

Patients And Methods: Between June 1996 and September 1998, 231 patients who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria entered the study; the patients were randomized into three groups. Each patient underwent transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate after a cleansing enema at 06:00 hours.

Cutaneous metastases in renal cell carcinoma.

Cutaneous metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is believed to be rare. We present our experience with 10 (3.3%) cases seen in the last 12 years among 306 cases of renal adenocarcinoma treated at our center.

Infected congenital urethral diverticulum in an adult male.

Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum is a rare anomaly. The majority present in infancy with urinary obstruction. Those who present beyond infancy do so on account of recurrent urinary tract infection or dribbling.

Retroperitoneoscopic management of infected cysts in adult polycystic kidney disease.

Conservative measures are the mainstay of therapy in adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD). Pain, infection and obstructive uropathy are the major indications for intervention. Chronic pain has been treated with narcotic analgesics, needle aspiration of dominant cysts, and open renal cyst decortication.

Core through urethrotomy with the neodymium:YAG laser for posttraumatic obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra.

Purpose: We studied the safety and efficacy of core through urethrotomy with the neodymium (Nd):YAG laser for posttraumatic obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra.

Materials And Methods: Eight patients a mean of 27.5 years old with posttraumatic (motor vehicle accidents) obliterative strictures of the bulbomembranous urethra were treated from May to December 1997.