Locally Prepared Therapeutic Food for Treatment of Severely Underweight Children in Rural India: An Interventional Prospective Controlled Community-Based Study with Long Follow-Up:-'SAMMAN' Trial.

Background: Severely underweight (SUW) children contribute significantly to under-five mortality and morbidity. There are WHO guidelines for the management of severe acute malnutrition but no specific guidelines for SUW management.

Objective: The objectives were to achieve a recovery rate of 30% at 90 days of treatment for severe underweight (SUW) children aged 6-60 months, compare changes in weight-for-age Z (WAZ) scores, growth patterns, and case fatality rates between intervention and reference arms (RA), and reduce the prevalence of SUW in the intervention arm (IA).

Indexing of Left Atrial Volume by various body size parameters in the Indian non-obese normal subjects: Is there an incremental value ?

Background: Left atrial (LA) volume indexing for body surface area (BSA) is the common practice. Since LA volume index is of cardiovascular pathophysiologic significance, it is suggested that indexing for other body size parameters be explored to evaluate a more appropriate alternative method. The aims of this study were to find normal and the best cutoff values for LA volume indexed for multiple body size parameters in normal Indian subjects.

Real-world experience of brolucizumab in nAMD.

Purpose: To evaluate real-world outcomes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in relation to anatomical success, visual outcomes, and safety of intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) injection at 1.5 years.

Methods: Prospective, randomized, single-center study between December 2020 and December 2022 that included 71 eyes of 62 patients with nAMD, who received IVBr.

Verbal autopsy to assess causes of mortality among the economically productive age group in the tribal region of Melghat, central India.

Background & Objectives: Verbal autopsy (VA) is the systematic and retrospective inquiry (from relatives) about the symptoms of an illness prior to death. In tribal India, 67-75 per cent of deaths occur at home with an unknown cause of death (CoD). Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the CoD in the 16-60 yr age group utilizing VA.

Vessel density changes in choroid, chorio-capillaries, deep and superficial retinal plexues on OCTA in normal ageing and various stages of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To study vessel density (VD) on optical coherence tomography angiography at choroid, chorio-capillaries (CC) and various retinal levels in normal population and various stages of dry AMD and how these changes progress with increase in severity of the disease.

Methods: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was done on 252 eyes of 132 patients (males: 61, females: 71) presenting to tertiary-care centre in Central India between February 2021 and January 2022. For study purpose, eyes were divided into five groups according to the size and number of the drusen, viz, Group 1: No AMD (< 50 years), Group 2: No AMD (> 50 years), Group 3: Early AMD, Group 4: Intermediate AMD and Group 5: Advanced AMD.

Community-Minimal Invasive Tissue Sampling (cMITS) using a modified ambulance for ascertaining the cause of death: A novel approach piloted in a remote inaccessible rural area in India.

Background: Melghat in India is a hilly, forested, difficult to access, impoverished rural area in northeast part of Maharashtra (Central India) with difficult healthcare access. Melghat has very high Mortality rates, because of grossly inadequate medical facilities. (1) Home deaths contribute to 67% of deaths,(2) which are difficult to track and where cause of death is mostly unknown.

Enlargement of the Pancreas in Children Diagnosed with Acute Pancreatitis: An Approach Based on P/V Ratio.

 Acute pancreatitis is a reversible inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Enlargement of the pancreas is often envisaged in such conditions. This study evaluates P/V ratio, as a marker to decide pancreatic enlargement in disease condition.

Effect of Short-Term Practice of Left Nostril Breathing on Various Sleep Parameters in the Medical Students.

Background: Various recent studies have reported that exclusive right nostril breathing (RNB) and left nostril breathing (LNB) has an immediate and sustained effect under various medical conditions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of short-term left nostril breathing on various sleep parameters in medical students.

Methods: We hypothesized that the increase in vagal tone because of LNB can help in improving the quality of sleep.

Effect of home-based childcare on childhood mortality in rural Maharashtra, India: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Melghat, an impoverished rural area in Maharashtra state, India; has scarce hospital services and low health-seeking behaviour. At baseline (2004) the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) (number of deaths in children aged 0-5 years/1000 live births) was 147.21 and infant mortality rate (IMR) (number of deaths of infants aged under 1 year/1000 live births) was 106.

Pre-operative optical coherence tomography predictors: Do they hold any relevance in the era of inverted internal limiting membrane flap in large macular holes?

Purpose: To study the relevance of preoperative OCT predictors in large macular holes (MH) treated using the inverted ILM peel technique.

Methods: Prospective study of 95 patients undergoing vitrectomy for large MH between January 2019 and December 2020 was performed by dividing the patients into groups depending on various quantitative parameters and indices of MH such as base diameter (BD), hole form factor (HFF), macular hole index (MHI), diameter hole index (DHI), and tractional hole index (THI) by using parameters such as minimal hole diameter, hole height, nasal and temporal arm lengths. Depending upon the duration of symptoms, patients were divided into three groups: <3 months, 3-6 months, and >6 months.

Refractive prediction by various intraocular lens formulas using optical biometry and effect of ocular parameters on their accuracy.

Purpose: To assess the prediction accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) formulas and study the effect of axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) on the accuracy of formulas using optic biometry.

Methods: This study was performed on 164 eyes of 164 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. Ocular biometry values were measured using Lenstar-900, and intraocular lens (IOL) power was calculated using the SRK/T, SRK II, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, and Barrett Universal II formulas.

Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity (APROP): LASER as the Primary Modality of Treatment.

Purpose: To study the success rate of LASER as a primary modality of treatment in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) cases.

Methods: This is a prospective case series of 56 eyes of 28 preterm babies (males = 21) with APROP who underwent laser therapy. Babies were divided into groups on the basis of gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and postmenstrual age (PMA) at which treatment was performed.

Role of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Orbital Masses.

 To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses.  After obtaining institutional ethical board approval and informed consent from all patients, an observational study was done for a period of 24 months in the radiology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI using a 3T scanner was done for all patients with suspected orbital mass lesion.

Digitally assisted three-dimensional surgery - Beyond vitreous.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the application and safety of three-dimensional (3D) visualization system in varied anterior segment procedures and Scleral Buckle.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 313 eyes. Patients undergoing phacoemulsification (PE) with intraocular lens (IOL), trabeculectomies, glaucoma triple procedure (GTP), scleral fixated (SF) IOL, and scleral buckle (SB) were included in the study.

Evaluation of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in the diagnosis of preperimetric glaucoma and comparison to retinal nerve fiber layer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of optic nerve head (ONH), RNFL, and GC-IPL parameters in differentiating eyes with PPG from normals.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. We studied 73 eyes of 41 patients and compared them to 65 eyes of 34 normal persons.

Expression of serum proteins in noise induced hearing loss workers of mining based industry.

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) is caused by excessive noise exposure due to occupational activities thus affects communication and quality of life. Prolonged occupational and environmental exposure to loud noise damages key molecules present in the micro-machinery of the ear which are required for the mechano-electrical transduction of sound waves in cochlea. Specific proteins are known to be associated with hearing loss and related structural and functional disabilities in the human inner, outer hair cells and cochlea.

Comparison of knowledge and awareness between consultant physicians and resident doctors about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim Of The Study: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease and is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and obesity. These illnesses are usually treated by physicians, and hence they need to stay updated on NAFLD. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness about NAFLD among consultant physicians and resident doctors.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Review of 447 Patients with Tubercular Intermediate Uveitis and Panuveitis.

Tubercular intermediate uveitis (TIU) and panuveitis (TBP) are difficult to manage because of limitations in diagnostic tools and lack of evidence-based treatment guidelines. The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) analyzed treatment regimens and therapeutic outcomes in patients with TIU and TBP. Multicentre retrospective analysis.

Can We Predict Severity of Osteoarthritis of Knees and Compartmental Involvement Based on a Set of Predefined Clinical Questions in Patients of Knee Pain?

Background: We investigated whether the severity of Osteoarthritis (OA) knees can be predicted based on a set of predefined clinical questions (PCQs) about activities of daily living (ADL). We studied the association of demographic factors and advanced radiographic OA (KL 3 and 4) and the relationship between various physical activities and radiographic involvement of knee joint compartments based on PCQs.

Materials And Methods: Demographic data, radiographic grading of knee OA and PCQs score, were obtained prospectively.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Descriptive Review of Tubercular Uveitis in Paediatric Population.

To examine disease profile of tubercular uveitis (TBU) in Paediatric population. Among 945 patients of the retrospective multinational study by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1, 29 Paediatric patients diagnosed with TBU were analyzed. Mean age of disease presentation was 12.

Visual Morbidity in Ocular Tuberculosis - Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: Report #6.

Aim of the study was to examine extent, natural history, and clinical features associated with visual impairment (VI) in patients diagnosed with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) by the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1. Multi-center retrospective cohort study. Main outcomes were VI.

The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Review of 165 Patients with Tubercular Anterior Uveitis.

: The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Group sought to address the diagnostic uncertainty through retrospective cohort analysis of treatment regimens and therapeutic outcomes for patients with tubercular Anterior Uveitis (TAU) across international centers.: Multicentre retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with TAU between January 2004 to December 2014 that had a minimum follow-up of 1 year.: One hundred and sixty-five patients were included.

Twenty-four Month Outcomes in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: Defining the "Cure" in Ocular Tuberculosis.

: To report the clinical findings, anatomical features, and treatment outcomes in subjects with ocular tuberculosis (OTB) at 24 months in the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1.: Of the 945 subjects included in COTS-1, those who completed a 24-month follow-up after completion of treatment were included. The main outcome measure was a number of patients with treatment failure (TF).