Discovery and Development of an Advanced Lead for the Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis.

African trypanosomiasis is a widespread disease of human and veterinary importance caused by various with a globally devastating impact and a need for novel treatment options. We here provide a comprehensive preclinical evaluation of nucleoside analogues, 6-thioether-modified tubercidins, with curative activity against African trypanosomiasis. Promising hits were identified following screening against the most relevant trypanosome species.

Aging of nanosized titanium dioxide modulates the effects of dietary copper exposure on Daphnia magna - an assessment over two generations.

Nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO) is widely used in products, warranting its discharge from various sources into surface water bodies. However, nTiO co-occurs in surface waters with other contaminants, such as metals. Studies with nTiO and metals have indicated that the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) can mitigate their toxicity to aquatic organisms.

Water column properties associated with massive algal bloom of green Noctiluca scintillans in the Arabian Sea.

An algal bloom of Noctiluca scintillans (NS) was monitored for 20 days in the Arabian Sea during February 2017. The stations under the influence of NS had low temperature and high salinity compared to outside indicating influence of convective mixing. The microscopic cell count of NS reached a value of 52,600 cells l.

Multi-annual variability of pCO(aq) and air-water CO flux in the mangrove-dominated Dhamra Estuary draining into the Bay of Bengal (India).

Small estuaries often remain neglected while characterizing air-water CO flux dynamics. This study reports the seasonal, spatial, and multi-annual variability of carbon biogeochemistry, emphasizing air-water CO flux from a small tropical mangrove-dominated estuary (Dhamra Estuary) of the Bay of Bengal, based on the 9-year-long sampling survey (2013 to 2021). The sampling covered twelve pre-fixed locations of this estuary.

Orchestration of immune response by innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 at various tumor microenvironment, a suitable target for cancer immunotherapy.

Innate lymphoid cells are a mixed population of cells and critical regulators of our innate immune system. According to recent scientific literature, tissue resident innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 has been recognized as an important player of type 2 inflammatory responses, involved in different human malignancies like pancreatic, lung, acute myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal tract cancer, etc. The current reports have revealed that, among the three main ILC sub types, subtype 2 (ILC 2), as the key regulator of initiating the type 2 inflammatory responses at the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Interactions between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polyethylene microplastics: Adsorption kinetics, photocatalytic properties, and ecotoxicity.

The present study investigated the adsorption mechanism of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO) on polyethylene microplastics (MPs) and the resulting photocatalytic properties. This effort was supported by ecotoxicological assessments of MPs with adsorbed nTiO on the immobility and behaviour of Daphnia magna in presence and absence of UV irradiation. The results showed that nTiO were rapidly adsorbed on the surface of MPs (72% of nTiO in 9 h).

Effects of tidal cycle on greenhouse gases emissions from a tropical estuary.

The potential effects of tidal and diel cycles on fluxes and concentrations of carbon dioxide (pCO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) along with associated biogeochemical processes remain poorly understood in tropical estuaries. The present study, based on six-hourly sampling for nine consecutive days at three locations along the salinity gradient in the Mahanadi estuary of India, revealed that the tidal forcing affected pCO and CH in the mixing zone with elevated concentrations during low tide with maximum concentrations up to 21,606 μatm and 285 μM, respectively. pCO increased with decrease in tidal height within low and high tide duration as well, possibly due to higher relative contribution of freshwater with high CO.

Nanosized titanium dioxide elevates toxicity of cationic metals species for - have aging and natural organic matter an unexpected impact?

In aquatic ecosystems, nanosized titanium dioxide particles (nTiO) likely interact with natural organic matter (NOM) and may alter the ecotoxicity of co-occurring metals. The magnitude of changes in toxicity may be modulated by the duration of interactions (i.e.

Response of coastal phytoplankton pigment composition to tropical cyclone Fani.

Phytoplankton pigment composition was evaluated during the pre-cyclone phase (PRCP) and post-cyclone phase (POCP) of tropical cyclone Fani in the coastal waters of the northwestern Bay of Bengal. The chromatographic analysis revealed higher pigment diversity and an increase in individual pigment concentration during POCP. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) was the dominant pigment during PRCP and POCP, followed by fucoxanthin.

Unravelling tidal effect on zooplankton community structure in a tropical estuary.

The variability in zooplankton density and species composition in response to tidal oscillations were investigated in the lesser saline upper reaches (E1) and higher saline lower reaches (E2) of the Mahanadi Estuary, located at the mouth of the third largest river in Indian Peninsula. This is the first of its kind high frequency observation over the tidal cycle ranging from highest high tide to lowest low tide in this estuary revealing dynamic variability of zooplankton assemblages. Zooplankton abundance was higher during high tide in comparison to low tide, irrespective of salinity regimes.

HO mediated FLIP and XIAP down-regulation involves increased ITCH expression and ERK-Akt crosstalk in imatinib resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cell line K562.

Regulation of anti-apoptotic protein FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) remains a crucial step in the cell fate determination and thus targeting these anti-apoptotic proteins could be a viable strategy for the treatment of cancer. However the regulation of FLIP and XIAP is not very well established till date. Here we have shown that ROS decreased XIAP and FLIP by activation of ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway in imatinib resistant K562 cells.

Effects of copper in Daphnia are modulated by nanosized titanium dioxide and natural organic matter: what is the impact of aging duration?

During its aquatic life cycle, nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO) may interact with natural organic matter (NOM) ultimately altering the ecotoxicity of co-occurring chemical stressors such as heavy metals (e.g. copper (Cu)).

Anthropogenic influence on the physico-chemical parameters of Dhamra estuary and adjoining coastal water of the Bay of Bengal.

Estuaries receive the anthropogenic pollutants of their watershed area. Dhamra estuary, on the east coast of India, is such an estuary that receives a huge amount of pollutants, and it will eventually pose a threat to the ecological sensitive areas in its vicinity. Therefore, a study was carried out on physico-chemical parameters and chlorophyll-a to delineate the sources of variation during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.

Global sea-surface iodide observations, 1967-2018.

The marine iodine cycle has significant impacts on air quality and atmospheric chemistry. Specifically, the reaction of iodide with ozone in the top few micrometres of the surface ocean is an important sink for tropospheric ozone (a pollutant gas) and the dominant source of reactive iodine to the atmosphere. Sea surface iodide parameterisations are now being implemented in air quality models, but these are currently a major source of uncertainty.

The response of Prorocentrum sigmoides and its associated culturable bacteria to metals and organic pollutants.

This study investigates the effect of metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and tellurium) and organic pollutants (benzene, diesel, lindane, and xylene) on a dinoflagellate-Prorocentrum sigmoides Böhm-and its associated culturable bacteria. Two bacterial cultures (Bacillus subtilis strain PD005 and B. xiamensis strain PD006) were isolated from P.

Toxicity assessment of zero valent iron nanoparticles on Artemia salina.

The present study deals with the toxicity assessment of two differently synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI, chemical and biological) as well as Fe ions on Artemia salina at three different initial concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of these particles. The assessment was done till 96 h at time intervals of 24 h. EC value was calculated to evaluate the 50% mortality of Artemia salina at all exposure time durations.

Toxicity, accumulation, and trophic transfer of chemically and biologically synthesized nano zero valent iron in a two species freshwater food chain.

The impact of bio-remediation agent nZVI on environment is still inadequately understood, especially on aquatic food web. The study presented here has therefore considered both chemical (CS) and biological (BS) synthetic origins of nZVI and their effects on both algae and daphnia. The study is unique in its attempt to explore the possibility of trophic transfer from algae to its immediate higher niche (daphnia as the model).

Differential effects of P25 TiO2 nanoparticles on freshwater green microalgae: Chlorella and Scenedesmus species.

P25 TiO2 nanoparticles majorly used in cosmetic products have well known detrimental effects towards the aquatic environment. In a freshwater ecosystem, Chlorella and Scenedesmus are among the most commonly found algal species frequently used to study the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles. A comparative study has been conducted herein to investigate differences in the toxic effects caused by these nanoparticles towards the two algae species.

Surface capping and size-dependent toxicity of gold nanoparticles on different trophic levels.

In the present study, the toxicity of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was evaluated on various trophic organisms. Bacteria, algae, cell line, and mice were used as models representing different trophic levels. Two different sizes (CIT30 and CIT40) and surface-capped (CIT30-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-capped) Au NPs were selected.

Biogeochemistry and ecology of from the Central Arabian Sea.

Background: A swarm of pelagic tunicate () was found in the surface open waters of the Arabian Sea during late southwest monsoon (September 2007). The swarm site was characterized by moderate southwesterly wind (approximately 7 m s), relatively low sea-surface temperature (approximately 26°C), shallow mixed layer (approximately 50 m), and substantial macro-nutrient concentrations (surface values: 2.5 μM nitrate, 0.