Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection-induced epithelial trained immunity impacts urinary tract disease outcome.

Previous urinary tract infections (UTIs) can predispose one to future infections; however, the underlying mechanisms affecting recurrence are poorly understood. We previously found that UTIs in mice cause differential bladder epithelial (urothelial) remodelling, depending on disease outcome, that impacts susceptibility to recurrent UTI. Here we compared urothelial stem cell (USC) lines isolated from mice with a history of either resolved or chronic uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection, elucidating evidence of molecular imprinting that involved epigenetic changes, including differences in chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and histone modification.

Tracking Pathogen Infections by Time-Resolved Chemical Proteomics.

Studying the dynamic interaction between host cells and pathogen is vital but remains technically challenging. We describe herein a time-resolved chemical proteomics strategy enabling host and pathogen temporal interaction profiling (HAPTIP) for tracking the entry of a pathogen into the host cell. A novel multifunctional chemical proteomics probe was introduced to label living bacteria followed by in vivo crosslinking of bacteria proteins to their interacting host-cell proteins at different time points initiated by UV for label-free quantitative proteomics analysis.

YshB Promotes Intracellular Replication and Is Required for Virulence.

virulence requires the initial invasion of host cells, followed by modulation of the intracellular environment for survival and replication. In an effort to characterize the role of small RNAs in pathogenesis, we inadvertently identified a 5-kDa protein named YshB that is involved in the intracellular survival of We show here that expression is upregulated upon entry into macrophages. When expression is upregulated before bacterial entry, invasion efficiency is inhibited.

InvS Coordinates Expression of PrgH and FimZ and Is Required for Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Deep sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the bacterial RNA world and has facilitated the identification of 280 small RNAs (sRNAs) in Despite the suspicions that sRNAs may play important roles in pathogenesis, the functions of most sRNAs remain unknown. To advance our understanding of RNA biology in virulence, we searched for sRNAs required for bacterial invasion into nonphagocytic cells. After screening 75 sRNAs, we discovered that the ablation of InvS caused a significant decrease of invasion into epithelial cells.