Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes after Endurance Runs in Karbadian Horses to Determine Candidates for Stress Indicators and Performance Capability.

RNA sequencing makes it possible to uncover genetic mechanisms that underlie certain performance traits. In order to gain a deeper insight into the genetic background and biological processes involved in endurance performance in horses, the changes in the gene expression profiles induced by endurance runs over long (70 km) and short (15 km) distances in the blood of Kabardian horses () were analyzed. For the long-distance runs, we identified 1484 up- and 691 downregulated genes, while after short-distance runs, only 13 up- and 8 downregulated genes (FC > |1.

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Assessing the Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common malignancy in males. Prostate cancer progressing on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) have been at the forefront of the treatment of CRPC.

Comparative Investigation of Coincident Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Ducks.

Avian influenza is a severe viral infection that has the potential to cause human pandemics. In particular, chickens are susceptible to many highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in significant losses. In contrast, ducks have been reported to exhibit rapid and effective innate immune responses to most avian influenza virus (AIV) infections.

Genomic determinants in advanced endometrial cancer patients with sustained response to hormonal therapy- case series and review of literature.

The incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing, however treatment options for advanced disease are limited. Hormonal therapy has demonstrated positive outcomes for Stage IV EC. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has increased our understanding of molecular mechanisms driving EC.

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Brain Abscess in a Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

 () is a common nosocomial pathogen. However, associated meningitis and brain abscess formation are extremely rare in the United States. We present a case of a 73-year-old male who initially presented for a tonsillar abscess of unknown etiology.

Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism Underlying African Animal Trypanosomiasis by Means of the 1000 Bull Genomes Project Genomic Dataset.

African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a neglected tropical disease and spreads by the vector tsetse fly, which carries the infectious sp. in their saliva. Particularly, this parasitic disease affects the health of livestock, thereby imposing economic constraints on farmers, costing billions of dollars every year, especially in sub-Saharan African countries.

MIDESP: Mutual Information-Based Detection of Epistatic SNP Pairs for Qualitative and Quantitative Phenotypes.

The interactions between SNPs result in a complex interplay with the phenotype, known as epistasis. The knowledge of epistasis is a crucial part of understanding genetic causes of complex traits. However, due to the enormous number of SNP pairs and their complex relationship to the phenotype, identification still remains a challenging problem.

Identification of Two Novel Peptides That Inhibit α-Synuclein Toxicity and Aggregation.

Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) into proteinaceous deposits is a pathological hallmark of a range of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Numerous lines of evidence indicate that the accumulation of toxic oligomeric and prefibrillar αSyn species may underpin the cellular toxicity and spread of pathology between cells. Therefore, aggregation of αSyn is considered a priority target for drug development, as aggregation inhibitors are expected to reduce αSyn toxicity and serve as therapeutic agents.

Unravelling the Complex Interplay of Transcription Factors Orchestrating Seed Oil Content in L.

Transcription factors (TFs) and their complex interplay are essential for directing specific genetic programs, such as responses to environmental stresses, tissue development, or cell differentiation by regulating gene expression. Knowledge regarding TF-TF cooperations could be promising in gaining insight into the developmental switches between the cultivars of L., namely Zhongshuang11 (ZS11), a double-low accession with high-oil- content, and Zhongyou821 (ZY821), a double-high accession with low-oil-content.

In Silico Identification of the Complex Interplay between Regulatory SNPs, Transcription Factors, and Their Related Genes in L. Using Multi-Omics Data.

Regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) are a special class of SNPs which have a high potential to affect the phenotype due to their impact on DNA-binding of transcription factors (TFs). Thus, the knowledge about such rSNPs and TFs could provide essential information regarding different genetic programs, such as tissue development or environmental stress responses. In this study, we use a multi-omics approach by combining genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data of two different L.

Computational Identification of Master Regulators Influencing Trypanotolerance in Cattle.

African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is transmitted by the tsetse fly which carries pathogenic trypanosomes in its saliva, thus causing debilitating infection to livestock health. As the disease advances, a multistage progression process is observed based on the progressive clinical signs displayed in the host's body. Investigation of genes expressed with regular monotonic patterns (known as Monotonically Expressed Genes (MEGs)) and of their master regulators can provide important clue for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the AAT disease.

Identifying Cattle Breed-Specific Partner Choice of Transcription Factors during the African Trypanosomiasis Disease Progression Using Bioinformatics Analysis.

African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a disease caused by pathogenic trypanosomes which affects millions of livestock every year causing huge economic losses in agricultural production especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is spread by the tsetse fly which carries the parasite in its saliva. During the disease progression, the cattle are prominently subjected to anaemia, weight loss, intermittent fever, chills, neuronal degeneration, congestive heart failure, and finally death.

The DNA repair enzyme MUTYH potentiates cytotoxicity of the alkylating agent MNNG by interacting with abasic sites.

Higher expression of the human DNA repair enzyme MUTYH has previously been shown to be strongly associated with reduced survival in a panel of 24 human lymphoblastoid cell lines exposed to the alkylating agent -methyl-'-nitro--nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The molecular mechanism of MUTYH-enhanced MNNG cytotoxicity is unclear, because MUTYH has a well-established role in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. Here, we show in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that this MNNG-dependent phenotype does not involve oxidative DNA damage and occurs independently of both O-methyl guanine adduct cytotoxicity and MUTYH-dependent glycosylase activity.

The ALFA-tag is a highly versatile tool for nanobody-based bioscience applications.

Specialized epitope tags are widely used for detecting, manipulating or purifying proteins, but often their versatility is limited. Here, we introduce the ALFA-tag, a rationally designed epitope tag that serves a remarkably broad spectrum of applications in life sciences while outperforming established tags like the HA-, FLAG®- or myc-tag. The ALFA-tag forms a small and stable α-helix that is functional irrespective of its position on the target protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts.

Uranotaenia pseudostricklandi, a new species in subgenus Pseudoficalbia (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kerala, India.

The female and male adults, male genitalia, pupa and larva of Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) pseudostricklandi sp. nov. (Diptera: Culicidae) are described from specimens collected in India.

The Zinc Linchpin Motif in the DNA Repair Glycosylase MUTYH: Identifying the Zn Ligands and Roles in Damage Recognition and Repair.

The DNA base excision repair (BER) glycosylase MUTYH prevents DNA mutations by catalyzing adenine (A) excision from inappropriately formed 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG):A mismatches. The importance of this mutation suppression activity in tumor suppressor genes is underscored by the association of inherited variants of MUTYH with colorectal polyposis in a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome known as MUTYH-associated polyposis, or MAP. Many of the MAP variants encompass amino acid changes that occur at positions surrounding the two-metal cofactor-binding sites of MUTYH.

Descriptions of three new species of (Pseudoficalbia) Diptera: Culicidae) from India.

Female and male adults, male genitalia, pupa and larva of Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maikalensis, Ur. (Pfc.) dandakaranyensis and Ur.

Description of a new species of the genus Hulecoeteomyia (Diptera: Culicidae) from Meghalaya, India.

Female and male adults, female and male genitalia, pupa and larva of Hulecoeteomyia cherrapunjiensis, a new mosquito species, are described from Meghalaya, India. Keys to separate larvae and adults are provided.

A Preliminary Study to Forecast Japanese Encephalitis Vector Abundance in Paddy Growing Area, with the Aid of Radar Satellite Images.

Vector mosquitoes of Japanese encephalitis (JE) breed mostly in rice fields, and human cases occur scattered over extended rural rice-growing areas. From this, one may surmise an ecological connection with the irrigation facilities and paddy cultivation. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that a particular stage of paddy growth is a premonitory sign that can lead to a markedly increased population of the vector mosquitoes.

Morphological and molecular characterization of the ecological, biological and behavioural variants of the JE vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus: an assessment of its taxonomic status.

Background & Objectives: Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae), an important vector of Japanese encephalitis belongs to the Culex vishnui subgroup which includes two other vector species namely, Cx. Vishnui and Cx. pseudovishnui.

DNA Barcodes indicate members of the Anopheles fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) species complex to be conspecific in India.

Anopheles fluviatilis, a major vector of malaria in India has been described as a complex of three sibling species members, named as S, T and U, based on variations in chromosomal inversions. Also, ribosomal DNA markers (repetitive Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and 28S D3 region) were described to differentiate these three sibling species members. However, controversies prevail on the genetic isolation status of these cryptic species.

First record of genus Ayurakitia in India: occurrence of Ayurakitia peytoni in Meghalaya state.

Larvae of Ayurakitia peytoni were collected in July 2008 from Pandanus axils during a survey of mosquito fauna in Meghalaya. This is the 1st record of the genus Ayurakitia in India, extending the known distribution of this genus farther west.

Systematic list of the species added to the mosquito museum at the Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India.

Mosquito species housed in the mosquito museum at the Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry, India, were increased from 181 to 266 species belonging to 22 genera. The systematic list of the 85 species added to the collection is provided. The collection consists of a total of 31,874 adult specimens, of which 23,696 are individually mounted on minuten pins, while the rest are held in stock vials.