Integrated hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics identify Pck1 as a key factor in the broad dysregulation induced by vehicle pollutants.

Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diesel exhaust (DE) emissions are important contributors which induce vascular inflammation and metabolic disturbances by unknown mechanisms. We aimed to determine molecular pathways activated by DE in the liver that could be responsible for its cardiometabolic toxicity.

Diagnostic Dilemma: Unusual Post-replacement Hip Pain Following Trauma Leading to Metallosis - A Case Report.

Introduction: Metallosis, characterized by the collection of metallic debris in periarticular tissues, is primarily associated with metal-on-metal bearings in hip arthroplasty. This report presents a rare case of metallosis after metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA), highlighting diagnostic challenges and management strategies. Metallosis following MoP arthroplasty is extremely rare, with only a limited number of documented cases in the literature.

Exploring the Versatility of Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.

Background Transconjunctival blepharoplasty using the postseptal technique provides direct access to orbital fat, offering reduced risk of complications, such as ectropion, entropion, fat over-resection, and inferior oblique muscle palsy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of transconjunctival blepharoplasty using the postseptal technique, focusing on the incidence of postoperative complications, the recovery time, and the feasibility of combining ancillary procedures with this approach. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the outcomes of 88 patients who underwent transconjunctival postseptal blepharoplasty at a private hospital in northern India between July 2022 and January 2024.

Advancements in Autophagy Modulation for the Management of Oral Disease: A Focus on Drug Targets and Therapeutics.

Autophagy is an intrinsic breakdown system that recycles organelles and macromolecules, which influences metabolic pathways, differentiation, and thereby cell survival. Oral health is an essential component of integrated well-being, and it is critical for developing therapeutic interventions to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of oral homeostasis. However, because of the complex dynamic relationship between autophagy and oral health, associated treatment modalities have not yet been well elucidated.

HiDDEN: a machine learning method for detection of disease-relevant populations in case-control single-cell transcriptomics data.

In case-control single-cell RNA-seq studies, sample-level labels are transferred onto individual cells, labeling all case cells as affected, when in reality only a small fraction of them may actually be perturbed. Here, using simulations, we demonstrate that the standard approach to single cell analysis fails to isolate the subset of affected case cells and their markers when either the affected subset is small, or when the strength of the perturbation is mild. To address this fundamental limitation, we introduce HiDDEN, a computational method that refines the case-control labels to accurately reflect the perturbation status of each cell.

Effect of non-invasive brain stimulation in children with acquired brain injury-a scoping review.

Background: Children and young people (CYP) with acquired brain injury (ABI) require early and effective neurorehabilitation to improve long-term functional outcomes. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been used to improve motor and sensory skills for children with cerebral palsy. However, there is limited evidence supporting its use in CYP with ABI.

Rise in rabies cases in Jammu region: A problem that requires urgent attention.

Context: Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is endemic in India. Both forms of rabies, namely, encephalitic and furious, invariably lead to coma and death. Lack of awareness is the most critical barrier in accessing timely post-exposure prophylaxis that can prevent the progression to clinical disease.

Anti-RANKL Antibody For Active Charcot Foot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy in Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy (CNO) is characterized with increased osteoclastic activity that can be curbed with antiresorptive agents. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) precludes bisphosphonates but anti-receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (anti-RANKL) antibody, denosumab, can be contemplated in CKD. We investigated denosumab for active CNO of foot in CKD for CNO remission.

Advancements in Utilizing Natural Compounds for Modulating Autophagy in Liver Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.

Autophagy, an intrinsic catabolic mechanism that eliminates misfolded proteins, dysfunctional organelles, and lipid droplets, plays a vital function in energy balance and cytoplasmic quality control, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Liver cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths globally and shows resistance to several anticancer drugs. Despite the rising incidence and poor prognosis of malignant HCC, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving this aggressive cancer remain unclear.

Acute parkinsonism in a patient with myxedema crisis: A case report.

Both myxedema crisis and Sheehan's syndrome are uncommon conditions. The first-time presentation as myxedema crisis is rare in Sheehan's syndrome. The present study describes the case of a 31-year-old female patient who presented with altered sensorium in the emergency room.

Ambient Particulate Matter Induces In Vitro Toxicity to Intestinal Epithelial Cells without Exacerbating Acute Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate or 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunologically complex disorder involving genetic, microbial, and environmental risk factors. Its global burden has continued to rise since industrialization, with epidemiological studies suggesting that ambient particulate matter (PM) in air pollution could be a contributing factor. Prior animal studies have shown that oral PM exposure promotes intestinal inflammation in a genetic IBD model and that PM inhalation exposure can increase intestinal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Assessment of Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Psoriatic Arthritis Patients in India.

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with significant comorbidity. However, the characteristics of patients with psoriasis are not well documented in India, and a more detailed understanding is needed to delineate the epidemiologic profile at the regional level for better management of psoriasis. Herein, we reported the clinical profile and demographic pattern of psoriasis to further understand its burden in the Indian setting.

Cytological Grading of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Its Correlation With Biochemical Parameters: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center in North India.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism. The clinical management of thyroid nodules, with or without chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, mainly depends on clinical data, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), the latter being the gold standard for the pre-surgical diagnosis of thyroidal nodules. The grading of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis can be divided into three categories.

Physical Activity of School-Going Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Natural Experiment Study.

Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic associated governmental restrictions on physical activity and sedentary behavior of school-going adolescents in India and its effect on nutrition and health status.

Methods: This was a before-after natural experiment study that recorded paired data of 449 (206 boys) school-going adolescents. COVID-19 related governmental measures (March 24, 2020 till February 2021) were taken as the natural experiment.

Translation and Validation of Hindi Version of Adolescent Peer Relation Instrument for Bullying Victimization.

Objectives: To translate and validate Hindi version of Adolescent Peer Relation Instrument (APRI) and to evaluate burden of bullying victimization among school-going adolescents.

Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was performed from July 2021 to June 2022 on 9th-12thclass students. Adolescent peer relation instrument was used to evaluate bullying victimization.

Convergence of coronary artery disease genes onto endothelial cell programs.

Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes.

The association between body mass index and abdominal obesity with hypertension among South Asian population: findings from nationally representative surveys.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with hypertension among the South Asian adults (18-69 years).

Methods: This study utilized the nationally representative WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance data (n = 24,413) from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher, a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or higher, and/or taking antihypertensive medications.