Correction: Siddhardha et al. Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against . 2020, , 115.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the original publication [...

Folate conjugated nanomedicines for selective inhibition of mTOR signaling in polycystic kidneys at clinically relevant doses.

Although rapamycin is a very effective drug for rodents with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), it is not encouraging in the clinical trials due to the suboptimal dosages compelled by the off-target side effects. We here report the generation, characterization, specificity, functionality, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicology profiles of novel polycystic kidney-specific-targeting nanoparticles (NPs). We formulated folate-conjugated PLGA-PEG NPs, which can be loaded with multiple drugs, including rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) and antioxidant 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (a nephroprotective agent).

Subtype-Selective Positive Modulation of K2.3 Channels Increases Cilia Length.

Small-conductance Ca-activated potassium (K2.x) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca. The activation of K2.

The use of advanced spectral imaging to reveal nanoparticle identity in biological samples.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in drug delivery therapies, medical diagnostic strategies, and as current Covid-19 vaccine carriers. Many microscope-based imaging systems have been introduced to facilitate detection and visualization of NPs. Unfortunately, none can differentiate the core and the shell of NPs.

Arrhythmogenic Hearts in PKD2 Mutant Mice Are Characterized by Cardiac Fibrosis, Systolic, and Diastolic Dysfunctions.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder affecting multiple organs, including the heart. PKD has been associated with many cardiac abnormalities including the arrhythmogenic remodeling in clinical evaluations. In our current study, we hypothesized that gene mutation results in structural and functional defects in the myocardium.

Ciliary extracellular vesicles are distinct from the cytosolic extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular space. EVs encapsulate key proteins and mediate intercellular signalling pathways. Recently, primary cilia have been shown to release EVs under fluid-shear flow, but many proteins encapsulated in these vesicles have never been identified.

Nanomaterials as Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions associated with heart and blood vessels and are considered the leading cause of death globally. Coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction represents the CVDs. Since CVDs are associated with a series of pathophysiological conditions with an alarming mortality and morbidity rate, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approaches are critical for saving patients' lives.

Label-free spectral imaging to study drug distribution and metabolism in single living cells.

During drug development, evaluation of drug and its metabolite is an essential process to understand drug activity, stability, toxicity and distribution. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) has become the standard analytical tool for screening and identifying drug metabolites. Unlike LC/MS approach requiring liquifying the biological samples, we showed that spectral imaging (or spectral microscopy) could provide high-resolution images of doxorubicin (dox) and its metabolite doxorubicinol (dox'ol) in single living cells.

Proteomic Identification Reveals the Role of Ciliary Extracellular-Like Vesicle in Cardiovascular Function.

Primary cilia are shown to have membrane swelling, also known as ciliary bulbs. However, the role of these structures and their physiological relevance remains unknown. Here, it is reported that a ciliary bulb has extracellular vesicle (EV)-like characteristics.

Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of high morbidity and mortality globally. Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures available for CVDs are not very useful, which demands promising alternative methods. Nanoscience and nanotechnology open a new window in the area of CVDs with an opportunity to achieve effective treatment, better prognosis, and less adverse effects on non-target tissues.

Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Potentiates Antibiofilm Activity against .

The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of is well-reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability.

Author Correction: Sensory primary cilium is a responsive cAMP microdomain in renal epithelia.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Measurement of cytoplasmic and cilioplasmic calcium in a single living cell.

Cellular signaling represents an evolution of biological systems to sense external stimuli and communicate extracellular microenvironment to the intracellular compartments. The processes underlying molecular signaling have been widely studied due to their important cellular functions. There are numerous techniques available to quantitate the different molecules involved in cellular processes.

Sensory primary cilium is a responsive cAMP microdomain in renal epithelia.

Primary cilia are hair-like cellular extensions that sense microenvironmental signals surrounding cells. The role of adenylyl cyclases in ciliary function has been of interest because the product of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP, is relevant to cilia-related diseases. In the present study, we show that vasopressin receptor type-2 (V2R) is localized to cilia in kidney epithelial cells.

Ciliotherapy: Remote Control of Primary Cilia Movement and Function by Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are characterized with uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertension in PKD is a ciliopathy, an abnormal function and/or structure of primary cilia. Primary cilia are cellular organelles with chemo and mechanosensory roles.

Personalized Nanotherapy by Specifically Targeting Cell Organelles To Improve Vascular Hypertension.

Ciliopathies caused by abnormal function of primary cilia include expanding spectrum of kidney, liver, and cardiovascular disorders. There is currently no treatment available for patients with cilia dysfunction. Therefore, we generated and compared two different (metal and polymer) cilia-targeted nanoparticle drug delivery systems (CTNDDS), CT-DAu-NPs and CT-PLGA-NPs, for the first time.

The Roles of Primary Cilia in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles found in most mammalian cell types. Cilia act as sensory organelles that transmit extracellular clues into intracellular signals for molecular and cellular responses. Biochemical and molecular defects in primary cilia are associated with a wide range of diseases, termed ciliopathies, with phenotypes ranging from polycystic kidney disease, liver disorders, mental retardation, and obesity to cardiovascular diseases.

Functional probes for cardiovascular molecular imaging.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a severely threatening disorder and frequently cause death in industrialized countries, posing critical challenges to modern research and medicine. Molecular imaging has been heralded as the solution to many problems encountered in individuals living with CVD. The use of probes in cardiovascular molecular imaging is causing a paradigmatic shift from regular imaging techniques, to future advanced imaging technologies, which will facilitate the acquisition of vital information at the cellular and molecular level.

Primary Cilium-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms.

Primary cilia are hair-like organelles and play crucial roles in vertebrate development, organogenesis, health, and many genetic disorders. A primary cilium is a mechano-sensory organelle that responds to mechanical stimuli in the micro-environment. A cilium is also a chemosensor that senses chemical signals surrounding a cell.

Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Modulates Primary Cilia Differently in Adult and Fetal Ovine Kidneys.

Hypoxic environments at high altitude have significant effects on kidney injury. Following injury, renal primary cilia display length alterations. Primary cilia are mechanosensory organelles that regulate tubular architecture.

Ultra-small silver nanoparticles induced ROS activated Toll-pathway against Staphylococcus aureus disease in silkworm model.

The present study investigated the therapeutic action of flavonoids loaded silver nanoparticles (FLV-Ag NPs) on a silkworm, Bombyx mori L., larvae infected by the S. aureus, where an in vivo model system was used.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead.

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge.

Calcium channels in primary cilia.

Purpose Of Review: Primary cilia have become important organelles implicated in embryonic development, organogenesis, health, and diseases. Although many studies in cell biology have focused on changes in ciliary length or ciliogenesis, the most common readout for evaluating ciliary function is intracellular calcium.

Recent Findings: Recent tools have allowed us to examine intracellular calcium in more precise locations, that is, the cilioplasm and cytoplasm.

Identification of naphthol derivatives as novel antifeedants and insecticides. 1.

A series of β-naphthol-derived 2-aminobenzothiazolomethylnaphthol derivatives (4a-4q) were synthesized and purified in excellent yields (86-94%) using green protocols and screened for their antifeedant and toxic activities against tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) and castor semilooper (Achaea janata) using no-choice leaf disk and topical bioassay methods. Four of them, 4d, 4f, 4i, and 4j, were identified to be potent antifeedants with ED50 values of 16.4, 19.

Biofabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Sterculia foetida L. seed extract and their toxic potential against mosquito vectors and HeLa cancer cells.

A one-step and eco-friendly process for the synthesis of silver-(protein-lipid) nanoparticles (Ag-PL NPs) (core-shell) has been developed using the seed extract from wild Indian Almond tree, Sterculia foetida (L.) (Sterculiaceae). The reaction temperature played a major role in controlling the size and shell formation of NPs.