Higher Body Mass Index is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the obesity; however, certain proportion of T2DM patients is non-obese or lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m). Obesity has long been associated with oxidative stress; however, there are no studies available documenting levels of oxidative stress in the lean patients of T2DM.

Evaluation of diagnostic potential of maternal serum ischemia modified albumin in cases of pre-eclampsia.

Objectives: The underlying causes and mechanisms of pre-eclampsia (PE), its exact etiology remains unclear and poorly understood. Hypoxia, ischemia, and oxidative stress induced by free radicals have been associated with development of PE. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a chemically modified albumin due to oxidative stress.

Long-Term Persistence of COVID-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Cohort Study.

Although the short-term mortality of patients with COVID-19 infection and hyperglycemia has been well documented, there is little available data regarding longer-term prognosis. The presence of diabetes has not only influenced disease severity but has also impacted its transmission dynamics. In this study, we followed a historical cohort of patients without previous history of diabetes who presented with moderate to severe COVID-19 and were found to have hyperglycemia (random blood glucose > 140 mg/dL) at the time of admission.

PINK1 and oxidative stress in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To compare mRNA [messenger RNA] expression of PINK1 in whole blood and the levels of biomarkers of Oxidative Stress (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] content & Total Antioxidant status [TAS]) in newly diagnosed lean and obese patients with T2DM.

Methods: Newly diagnosed patients of T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, lean (BMI < 18.

Frailty and chronic kidney disease: associations and implications.

Introduction: Frailty and its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been established previously. The present study examined this association further by studying the distribution of frailty among groups defined by different stages of the disease. It also identified associated health deficits and explored their association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR).

Differential Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling and Interferon Gamma in Lean and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The model of obesity-induced insulin resistance has long been used to explain the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m), but this model failed to explain the development of the disease in lean individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m). Defects in the insulin signaling pathway have been postulated to play a role in these patients, particularly in suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which are involved in the downregulation of insulin transduction.

Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with efficacy of the antidepressant drugs sertraline and mirtazapine in newly diagnosed patients with major depressive disorders.

Objective: We examined the association of serotonin receptor transporter gene polymorphism in patients with MDD with the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine (MZ) and sertraline (ST).

Method: Newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, 80 MDD patients (aged 18-45) diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria and with Beck's depression inventory score (BDI) score ≥21 were included and randomly divided into two groups of 40 participants and were administered MZ 15-45 mg/day or ST 25-200 mg/day respectively. Patients were followed up for 6 weeks for evaluation of BDI scores.

Effect of valproate and add-on levetiracetam on inflammatory biomarkers in children with epilepsy.

Background: Contemporary research indicates the role of neuroinflammation/inflammatory markers in epilepsy. In addition, comorbidities such as anxiety and poor health-related quality of life are vital concerns in clinical care of pediatric patients with epilepsy. This open-label, prospective, observational study evaluated the effect of valproate and add-on levetiracetam on serum levels of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in pediatric patients with epilepsy.

Correlation between telomere length and efficacy of oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics on severity and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia.

Objective: To study the correlation between telomere length (TL) and long-acting injectable (LAI) and oral atypical antipsychotic (OAA) efficacy on schizophrenia (SCZ) severity and cognitive impairment.

Methods: Sixty Schizophrenia patients of 18-50 years and of either sex were included in a 12-week study. Thirty patients were recruited in each group, LAI and OAA.

Comparison of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS) in Women with Pregnancy-Associated Sepsis with Respect to Critical Care Admission and Mortality: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objective: We aimed to determine performance of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS), in women with pregnancy-associated sepsis (PAS) with respect to critical care admission and mortality.

Methods: Obstetric patients with PAS fulfilling any 2 of the quick SOFA (qSOFA) criteria were enrolled as cases. The various parameters of SOFA and SOS were recorded at admission and compared for outcomes.

Role of Cervical Phosphorylated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 1 (phIGFBP1) for Prediction of Successful Induction Among Primigravida with Prolonged Pregnancy.

Purpose Of The Study: To estimate and to compare the levels of cervical phIGFBP-1 among primigravida with prolonged pregnancy, with and without successful induction of labor (IOL).

Methods: A diagnostic study (cross-sectional study design) was conducted in our institution from November 2016 to April 2018 on 84 primigravida at ≥ 41 weeks with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and receiver operating characteristics curves to determine the best cutoff using Youden Index.

Serial Serum Lactic Acid in Pregnancy-Associated Sepsis for Maternal Outcome.

Objective: To correlate serial monitoring of lactic acid in pregnancy-associated sepsis (PAS) subjects with maternal prognosis.

Methods: All pregnant, post-abortal (2 weeks) and postpartum women with suspected sepsis fulfilling any 2 of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria were considered as cases. Lactic acid was measured at 0, 24 and 48 h of admission, and lactate clearance was calculated.

Chromium Exposure in Late Gestation Period Caused Increased Levels of Cr in Brain Tissue: Association with Alteration of Activity and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes of F1 and F2 Generation Mice.

Chromium is a micronutrient which has found frequent use as supplements during pregnancy and could have a role in altering the antioxidant status in the brain. The present study was undertaken to estimate chromium levels in the brain, antioxidant enzyme activity with their gene expression, and learning and memory parameters on F1 and F2 generation mice when the F0 was exposed to chromium. The chromium levels in the brain were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective.

The corona virus-2019 (COVID-19) is ravaging the whole world. Scientists have been trying to acquire more knowledge on different aspects of COVID-19. This study attempts to determine the effects of COVID-19, on a large population, which has already been persistently exposed to various atmospheric pollutants in different parts of India.

Evaluation of Placental VEGFA mRNA Expression in Preeclampsia: A Case Control Study.

Objective: The aim of our case-control study was to determine expression of VEGFA mRNA in placentae of preeclamsia (PE) versus uncomplicated pregnancy to further clarify its differential expression in pregnancy hypertensive disorders.

Study Design: The PE group was subdivided into severe and non-severe; those with or without HELLP syndrome and placental VEGFA characteristics were compared for these cohorts. Additionally, the neonatal and maternal outcomes were recorded.

Cadmium level in brain correlates with memory impairment in F1 and F2 generation mice: improvement with quercetin.

The increased exposure to cadmium (Cd) through environmental pollutants, food and cigarette smoke is a concern worldwide. The association of Cd with impaired learning disabilities led us to hypothesise that cadmium levels in brain tissue could be dose-dependently related to the extent of memory impairment and oxidative stress. In this study, we proposed to study whether cadmium exposure to dams could alter the brain Cd levels, memory parameters, antioxidant enzymes in brain and their gene expression in the F1-F2 generation mice and whether quercetin could modulate this effect.

Alteration in cognitive behaviour, brain antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in F1 generation mice, following Cd exposure during the late gestation period: modulation by quercetin.

We investigated whether in-utero Cd(II) chloride exposure of the dams between 14th to 21st day of gestation affects memory and learning, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in brain of the pups in their adulthood. In the Morris water maze, cadmium (Cd) exposure impaired spatial memory which was reversed following co-treatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg). In the passive avoidance paradigm, retention memory was adversely affected but was significantly reversed by co treatment with quercetin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg).

Role of Survivin and p53 Expression in Response of Primary Culture of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Treatment With Chemotherapeutic Agents.

Background: Ovarian cancer is associated with a high relapse rate and is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The genetic profile of a tumor is responsible for deciding response to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigate the relation between survivin and p53 expression and response to chemotherapeutic agents of primary cultures of ovarian cancer cells established from ascitic fluid.

Establishment of Primary Cell Culture From Ascitic Fluid and Solid Tumor Obtained From Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Patients.

Objective: Ovarian cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and high rate of relapse and resistance following chemotherapy. In the present study, we describe simple and cost-effective method to establish primary culture from ascitic fluid and solid tumor obtained from epithelial ovarian carcinoma patient, which may provide a better tool for in vitro testing of drug sensitivity and designing individualized treatment protocol.

Prediction of preeclampsia in primigravida in late first trimester using serum placental growth factor alone and by combination model.

We investigated a placental growth factor alone and combined clinical (mean arterial pressure, MAP), biophysical (uterine artery pulsability index, PI) and biochemical (placental growth factor, PLGF) model for predicting preeclampsia in late first trimester. The inclusion criteria was primigravida (<40 years) attending their first hospital visit with singleton pregnancy at 11-14 weeks of gestation. Of the enrolled and followed 291 subjects, 35 (12%) later developed PE (5.

Response of primary culture of human ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy: In vitro individualized therapy.

Objective: This study focused on whether primary cultures of ovarian cancer (OC) cells established from ascites can be used to evaluate response to chemotherapeutic agents and if curcumin could enhance the efficacy of these agents.

Materials And Methods: We established five primary cultures of ascitic cells from OC patients and treated them with curcumin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel singly and in combinations. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry.

A curious case of blue-green discoloration in a middle-aged indian man: Chromhidrosis.

Introduction: Chromhidrosis is a rare sweat gland disorder characterized by the excretion of colored sweat. It can be classified as apocrine, true eccrine, and pseudochromhidrosis. Amongst the different types of chromhidrosis, green chromhidrosis is extremely rare.

Quercetin Modulates the Effects of Chromium Exposure on Learning, Memory and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in F1 Generation Mice.

In the present study, we investigated whether chromium (Cr) administered to the dams (F0) during lactation period could affect memory and oxidative stress in F1 generation mice in their adulthood and whether quercetin could modulate these effects. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test for spatial memory. Passive avoidance task and elevated plus maze were used to test for acquisition and retention memory.

Expression of Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 enzyme in medical undergraduate students with metabolic syndrome.

Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis are chronic inflammatory conditions. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) is a circulatory marker of systemic inflammation and a risk predictor for cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the expression of this enzyme in an effort to understand the underlying mechanism of atherosclerosis in MS.