Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, driving the urgent need for innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the pivotal role of nanoparticles in revolutionizing breast cancer management through advancements of interconnected approaches including targeted therapy, imaging, and personalized medicine. Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, have shown significant promise in addressing current treatment limitations such as drug resistance and nonspecific systemic distribution.

Practical and scalable synthesis of beclomethasone dipropionate.

Beclomethasone dipropionate (1) is a synthetic corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and anti-allergy properties. It is widely used to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, and dermatoses. However, existing synthetic routes to this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) contain steps resulting in low and/or inconsistent yields, and use obsolete reagents.

A fatal case of atrioesophageal fistula following radiofrequency ablation of left atrium and pulmonary veins for atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hemodynamic compromise and formation of thrombi within the fibrillating atrium or atrial appendage can occur. Surgical treatment aims to eliminate dysrhythmia-triggering foci in the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium by radiofrequency ablation techniques using ohmic heat.

The expression of voltage-gated ca2+ channels in pituicytes and the up-regulation of L-type ca2+ channels during water deprivation.

The primary components of the neurohypophysis are the neuroendocrine terminals that release vasopressin and oxytocin, and pituicytes, which are astrocytes that normally surround and envelop these terminals. Pituicytes regulate neurohormone release by secreting the inhibitory modulator taurine in an osmotically-regulated fashion and undergo a marked structural reorganisation in response to dehydration as well as during lactation and parturition. Because of these unique functions, and the possibility that Ca2+ influx could regulate their activity, we tested for the expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunits in pituicytes both in situ and in primary culture.

Novel splice variants of rat CaV2.1 that lack much of the synaptic protein interaction site are expressed in neuroendocrine cells.

Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels are responsible for the activation of the Ca(2+) influx that triggers exocytotic secretion. The synaptic protein interaction (synprint) site found in the II-III loop of Ca(V)2.1 and Ca(V)2.

Dehydration increases L-type Ca(2+) current in rat supraoptic neurons.

The magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus (MNCs) regulate water balance by releasing vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) as a function of plasma osmolality. Release is determined largely by the rate and pattern of MNC firing, but sustained increases in osmolality also produce structural adaptations, such as cellular hypertrophy, that may be necessary for maintaining high levels of neuropeptide release. Since increases in Ca(2+) current could enhance exocytotic secretion, influence MNC firing patterns, and activate gene transcription and translation, we tested whether Ca(2+) currents in MNCs acutely isolated from the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are altered by 16-24 h of water deprivation.

Norepinephrine triggers release of glial ATP to increase postsynaptic efficacy.

Glial cells actively participate in synaptic transmission. They clear molecules from the synaptic cleft, receive signals from neurons and, in turn, release molecules that can modulate signaling between neuronal elements. Whether glial-derived transmitters can contribute to enduring changes in postsynaptic efficacy, however, remains to be established.

Development of PCR assay for differentiation of some important wild animal meat of Sri Lanka.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to differentiate meat of Ceylon spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis), Ceylon hog deer (A. porcius oryzus), Ceylon sambhur (Cervus unicolor unicolor) and barking deer (Muntiacus muntijak malabaricus) from meat of cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog and sheep. A set of primers was designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of C.

Benefit of the control of gastrointestinal nematode infection in goats in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.

The benefit of gastrointestinal nematode control in cross-bred goats in the dry area of Sri Lanka was studied throughout 1 year by comparing the performances of three groups: group 1 animals (n = 11) were left untreated against gastrointestinal nematodes; group 2 animals (n = 11) were given monthly anthelmintic treatment. doramectin, at the dose rate of 300 microg/kg bodyweight during the entire study period; group 3 animals (n = 11) were also given monthly doramectin treatment at the dose rate of 300 microg/kg bodyweight but only during the rainy months, October to January and again once in April. All three groups were turned out together on to communal pasture.

Sequence of the bovine HDL-receptor (SR-BI) cDNA and changes in receptor mRNA expression during granulosa cell luteinization in vivo and in vitro.

Steroidogenic activity in the mature corpus luteum of most mammals depends upon provision of cholesterol from the circulating lipoproteins. In cattle, as in many species, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the major lipoprotein involved. The recent identification of the scavenger receptor SR-BI as an HDL-receptor allows control of this process to be investigated more closely.

Sequence of mouse 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 cDNA and tissue distribution of the type 1 and type 3 isoform mRNAs.

The enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17betaHSD) interconverts 17-ketosteroids and 17beta-hydroxysteroids. Five isoforms of the enzyme have been identified in the human, two of which (types 1 and 3) have been shown to catalyse the reduction reaction preferentially. The cDNA encoding mouse 17betaHSD type 3 was isolated from testis cDNA using the RACE technique and primers based on the human sequence.

Expression of follicle stimulating hormone-receptor mRNA during gonadal development.

Receptors for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are found only in the gonads and have been localised to the Sertoli cells of the testis and the granulosa cells of the ovary. During gonadal development, functional signal transduction systems are present before gonadotrophin receptors appear indicating the expression of the receptors is the crucial step in development of gonadal responsiveness to gonadotrophins. The FSH receptor gene contains a single large exon which encodes the transmembrane and intracellular domains and nine smaller exons which encode most of the extracellular domain.

Expression of follicle-stimulating hormone-receptor mRNA alternate transcripts in bovine granulosa cells during luteinization in vivo and in vitro.

In cattle, as in many other species, formation of the corpus luteum is associated with loss of sensitivity to FSH. To determine whether this is associated with changes in FSH-receptor mRNA levels or alternate splicing of the primary transcript, reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to examine transcripts during granulosa cell luteinization in vivo and in vitro. Using RT-PCR and Southern blotting, three alternate transcripts of the FSH-receptor were found consistently in bovine granulosa cells.