Utilisation of eye health services and compliance with spectacles wear among community school adolescents: a mixed-methods study from Bagmati province of Nepal.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors influencing eye care service utilisation and compliance with spectacles wear among school students.

Design: Mixed-methods study.

Setting: 27 community schools from 6 districts of Bagmati province of Nepal.

Adherence to Periodic Dilated Eye Examinations and Its Determinants Among Nepalese Patients With Diagnosed Diabetes: A Single-Center Hospital-Based Analysis Using Health Belief Model.

To find the adherence rate to periodic dilated eye examinations (DEEs) and its determinants among patients with diagnosed diabetes. In this cross-sectional study of 165 participants with diagnosed diabetes (Type 1/2) attending a general hospital with a diabetes clinic, we explored perceptions of barriers and facilitators of DEE at the individual level using a framework adapted from the health belief model (HBM). Patients were compared using t tests for continuous data and chi-square tests for categorical data.

Targeting transglutaminase 2 mediated exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 signaling in liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid.

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that promotes or suppresses tumorigenesis, depending on intracellular location and conformational structure. Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is an orally administered vitamin A derivative that prevents hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence by targeting liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this study, we examined the subcellular location-dependent effects of ACR on TG2 activity at a structural level and characterized the functional role of TG2 and its downstream molecular mechanism in the selective depletion of liver CSCs.

Bulbar Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare, progressive, incurable neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons leading to progressive muscle weakness, disability, and eventually death. A 45-year-old male, initially presented with hoarseness, flickering of tongue, and intermittent aspirations. In course of three years, patient developed motor aphasia, frequent aspirations and an inability to hold his neck.

Hepatic stellate cell stearoyl co-A desaturase activates leukotriene B4 receptor 2 - β-catenin cascade to promote liver tumorigenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3 most deadly malignancy. Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSC) give rise to cancer-associated fibroblasts in HCC and are considered a potential therapeutic target. Here we report that selective ablation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-2 (Scd2) in aHSC globally suppresses nuclear CTNNB1 and YAP1 in tumors and tumor microenvironment and prevents liver tumorigenesis in male mice.

Diabetes Mellitus among Adult Outpatients Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated blood sugar levels and is a pandemic of public health importance. Screening programs can help reduce morbidity and mortality by preventing or delaying complications. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult outpatients visiting a tertiary care centre.

A case of giant primary splenic hydatid cyst: Case report.

Introduction: Primary splenic hydatidosis is a rare zoonotic disease, common in grazing regions of the world. Primary splenic hydatid cyst is rare and accounts for <2% of patients. Splenectomy is advocated in case of giant hydatid cyst locating in central and hilum area; however, spleen salvaging operations are done in superficial cyst, cysts localized to one pole of the spleen or cysts that are unresectable due to extensive adhesions and in children.

Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Theory of Planned Behaviour on Physical Activity Intention among Secondary School Teachers of Nepal.

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle which requires energy expenditure is known as physical activity (PA). WHO has recommended that at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA or a combination of both per week is required for health benefits. Physical inactivity is one of the strongest risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and other conditions and is attributable to 6% of global premature death.

Screen time and its correlates among children aged 3-10 years during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of high screen time among schoolchildren aged 3-10 years in Bhaktapur, its correlates and the parents' strategies to reduce screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal.

Methods And Analysis: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during March 2021. A total of 630 households were selected for the study from 21 randomly selected clusters in Bhaktapur, Nepal.

Burden and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Diabetic Patients Attending a Multispecialty Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal.

Introduction: As the number of people with diabetes mellitus is increasing because of urbanization and change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle, the number of diabetic retinopathy is also expected to increase in future. [1] [sa2] We aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors among diabetic patients in the tertiary eye hospital.

Materials And Methods: This is the observational cross-sectional study enrolling 420 diabetic patients visiting the multispecialty tertiary eye hospital between March 2020 and February 2021.

Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection among Patients Undergoing Surgical Retinal Interventions at Tertiary Eye Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Intravitreal Bevacizumab injection has now become a routine procedure for retina specialists throughout the world. Easy availability of this monoclonal antibody molecule even in Nepal has brought a revolution in the management of various retinal diseases. This study aims to find out the prevalence of the use of intravitreal Bevacizumab for retinal diseases at the tertiary eye hospital.

Abdominal Obesity among Outpatients in a Tertiary Level Eye ENT Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Abdominal obesity, as abnormal fat accumulation that presents a risk to health, is a global epidemic. There is evidence to support a trait of abdominal adipose deposition despite normal body mass index in south asian populations with greater cardiometabolic risks. Thus, this study aimed to find out the prevalence of abdominal obesity using the waist to height ratio among outpatients in a tertiary level hospital.

BMI, waist to height ratio and waist circumference as a screening tool for hypertension in hospital outpatients: a cross-sectional, non-inferiority study.

Objective: This non-inferiority study aimed to determine the burden of obesity in a hospital outpatient setting of a developing country, using three commonly employed metrics as predictors of hypertension (HTN).

Design: A cross-sectional study design was adopted.

Setting: This study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Services of a tertiary hospital for eye and ear, nose, throat in a semiurban area of Nepal.

Treatment Strategies in Acute Post-operative Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery at a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nepal: A 5-year Retrospective Review.

Introduction: Despite best possible preventive measures, acute postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) is still the most devastating, sight-threatening complication after intraocular surgery and the most feared complication by treating surgeons.

Materials And Methods: It is a retrospective study of 22 eyes diagnosed as acute POE following cataract surgery in the last 5 years (2015-2019), aimed to evaluate the treatment strategies used in its management. Main outcome measures evaluated were rates of repeat intravitreal injection, adjunctive therapeutic regimens, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and visual outcome.

Self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nepal: findings from an online survey.

Background: A lower respiratory tract infection caused by novel coronavirus termed as Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was first identified in China and subsequently took the form of pandemic. Studies on disease outbreak in the past and recent COVID-19 outbreak have demonstrated increased psychological distress and adverse impacts on mental health and psychological wellbeing of people. However, the impact of COVID-19 on psychological wellbeing of people in Nepal hasn't been studied adequately.

Fungus-derived hydroxyl radicals kill hepatic cells by enhancing nuclear transglutaminase.

We previously reported the importance of induced nuclear transglutaminase (TG) 2 activity, which results in hepatic cell death, in ethanol-induced liver injury. Here, we show that co-incubation of either human hepatic cells or mouse primary hepatocytes derived from wild-type but not TG2 mice with pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and C. glabrata, but not baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induced cell death in host cells by enhancing cellular, particularly nuclear, TG activity.

Phenosafranin inhibits nuclear localization of transglutaminase 2 without affecting its transamidase activity.

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) localizes to the nucleus and induces apoptosis through a crosslinking inactivation of Sp1 in JHH-7 cells treated with acyclic retinoid. We screened an inhibitor suppressing transamidase activity in the nucleus without affecting transamidase activity itself. Phenosafranin was found to inhibit nuclear localization of EGFP-tagged TG2 and dose-dependently reduce nuclear transamidase activity without affecting the activity in a tube.