Association of extreme heat events with sleep and cardiovascular health: A scoping review.

Background: Extreme heat events (EHEs), driven by anthropogenic climate change, exacerbate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Disturbances in sleep health, caused by excessive heat, may be one way EHEs increase the risk of incident or recurrent CVD. Our objective was to systematically review the empirical peer-reviewed literature on the relationship between EHEs, sleep health, and cardiovascular measures and outcomes, and narratively describe methodologies, evidence, and gaps in this area.

Equity-Driven Sensing System for Measuring Skin Tone-Calibrated Peripheral Blood Oxygen Saturation (OptoBeat): Development, Design, and Evaluation Study.

Background: Many commodity pulse oximeters are insufficiently calibrated for patients with darker skin. We demonstrate a quantitative measurement of this disparity in peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO) with a controlled experiment. To mitigate this, we present OptoBeat, an ultra-low-cost smartphone-based optical sensing system that captures SpO and heart rate while calibrating for differences in skin tone.

Detecting middle ear fluid using smartphones.

The presence of middle ear fluid is a key diagnostic marker for two of the most common pediatric ear diseases: acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. We present an accessible solution that uses speakers and microphones within existing smartphones to detect middle ear fluid by assessing eardrum mobility. We conducted a clinical study on 98 patient ears at a pediatric surgical center.

Opioid overdose detection using smartphones.

Early detection and rapid intervention can prevent death from opioid overdose. At high doses, opioids (particularly fentanyl) can cause rapid cessation of breathing (apnea), hypoxemic/hypercarbic respiratory failure, and death, the physiologic sequence by which people commonly succumb from unintentional opioid overdose. We present algorithms that run on smartphones and unobtrusively detect opioid overdose events and their precursors.