Sesaminol alters phospholipid metabolism and alleviates obesity-induced NAFLD.

The prevalence of obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance is increasing worldwide. We previously demonstrated that sesaminol increases thermogenesis in adipocytes, improves insulin sensitivity, and mitigates obesity in mice. In this study, we demonstrated that sesaminol increased mitochondrial activity and reduced ROS production in hepatocytes.

Investigation of port intervention to coastal and nearshore dynamics: a GIS and AHP approach.

The goal of the study was attempted to understand the impact of selected ports on the coastal and nearshore dynamics. Dwelling activities along the coastal zone were particularly high in the last two decades. Hence, ports constructed between 2000 and 2022 such as Mundra, Hazira, Karaikal, Krishnapatnam, Gangavaram, and Gopalpur were considered for the study.

Determination of vulnerable zones along Brahmapur coast, Odisha using AHP and GIS with validation against multiple cyclones.

The Brahmapur is the southernmost sub-division of Ganjam district of the Odisha coast frequently prone to cyclones. This coastal stretch is one of the low-lying areas of Odisha with dense population. Recent severe cyclones such as Phailin and Titli crossed the considered coastal stretch in 2013 and 2018 respectively causing severe damages to life and property.

Comparative evaluation of body mass index among school children with and without Bruxism of age group of 6-12 years in Kanchipuram district: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the body mass index (BMI) of school-going children with bruxism and without bruxism of age between 6 and 12 years.

Settings And Design: To find the correlation between BMI and oral habit bruxism among school children and compare with those children without bruxism.

Materials And Methods: A total of 6122 children were screened from 28 government and 12 private schools, in which 1854 (30.

Aging and β3-adrenergic stimulation alter mitochondrial lipidome of adipose tissue.

Mitochondrial abundance and thermogenic capacity are two imperative components that distinguish brown, beige and white adipose tissues. Most importantly, the lipid composition is vital for maintaining the quantity, quality and function of mitochondria. Therefore, we employed quantitative lipidomics to probe the mitochondrial lipidome of adipose tissues.

Sesaminol induces brown and beige adipocyte formation through suppression of myogenic program.

Adipocytes are key players in maintaining energy homeostasis and are classified into two different categories: white and brown adipocytes. While white adipocytes store energy as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, brown adipocytes combust excess chemical energy and release in the form of heat through uncoupled respiration. This characteristic phenomenon of brown fat attracts researchers and pharmacological industries to view brown fat as one of the potential therapeutic targets for obesity and associated metabolic disease.

SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates global protein synthesis through transcription factor Sp1 independent of its deacetylase activity.

Global protein synthesis is emerging as an important player in the context of aging and age-related diseases. However, the intricate molecular networks that regulate protein synthesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that SIRT6, a nuclear-localized histone deacetylase represses global protein synthesis by transcriptionally regulating mTOR signalling via the transcription factor Sp1, independent of its deacetylase activity.

EBF2 transcriptionally regulates brown adipogenesis via the histone reader DPF3 and the BAF chromatin remodeling complex.

The transcription factor early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2) is an essential mediator of brown adipocyte commitment and terminal differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which EBF2 regulates chromatin to activate brown fat-specific genes in adipocytes were unknown. ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation [ChIP] followed by deep sequencing) analyses in brown adipose tissue showed that EBF2 binds and regulates the activity of lineage-specific enhancers.

PRDM16 binds MED1 and controls chromatin architecture to determine a brown fat transcriptional program.

PR (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous) domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) drives a brown fat differentiation program, but the mechanisms by which PRDM16 activates brown fat-selective genes have been unclear. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses in brown adipose tissue (BAT), we reveal that PRDM16 binding is highly enriched at a broad set of brown fat-selective genes. Importantly, we found that PRDM16 physically binds to MED1, a component of the Mediator complex, and recruits it to superenhancers at brown fat-selective genes.

Ebf2 is a selective marker of brown and beige adipogenic precursor cells.

Brown adipocytes and muscle and dorsal dermis descend from precursor cells in the dermomyotome, but the factors that regulate commitment to the brown adipose lineage are unknown. Here, we prospectively isolated and determined the molecular profile of embryonic brown preadipose cells. Brown adipogenic precursor activity in embryos was confined to platelet-derived growth factor α(+), myogenic factor 5(Cre)-lineage-marked cells.

EBF2 determines and maintains brown adipocyte identity.

The master transcription factor Pparγ regulates the general differentiation program of both brown and white adipocytes. However, it has been unclear whether Pparγ also controls fat lineage-specific characteristics. Here, we show that early B cell factor-2 (Ebf2) regulates Pparγ binding activity to determine brown versus white adipocyte identity.

An Evi1-C/EBPβ complex controls peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 gene expression to initiate white fat cell differentiation.

Fibroblastic preadipocyte cells are recruited to differentiate into new adipocytes during the formation and hyperplastic growth of white adipose tissue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the master regulator of adipogenesis, is expressed at low levels in preadipocytes, and its levels increase dramatically and rapidly during the differentiation process. However, the mechanisms controlling the dynamic and selective expression of PPARγ in the adipocyte lineage remain largely unknown.

Oleosin is bifunctional enzyme that has both monoacylglycerol acyltransferase and phospholipase activities.

In plants, fatty oils are generally stored in spherical intracellular organelles referred to as oleosomes that are covered by proteins such as oleosin. Seeds with high oil content have more oleosin than those with low oil content. However, the exact role of oleosin in oil accumulation is thus far unclear.

Triacylglycerol lipolysis is linked to sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Previous work from our laboratory had demonstrated that deletion of TGL3 encoding the major yeast triacylglycerol (TAG) lipase resulted in decreased mobilization of TAG, a sporulation defect and a changed pattern of fatty acids, especially increased amounts of C22:0 and C26:0 very long chain fatty acids in the TAG fraction [K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J.

Multiple functions as lipase, steryl ester hydrolase, phospholipase, and acyltransferase of Tgl4p from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis, membrane lipid biosynthesis, and lipid turnover are largely interlinked processes. In yeast, TAG is mobilized by three TAG lipases named Tgl3p, Tgl4p, and Tgl5p, which are localized to lipid particles/droplets. These TAG lipases posses a conserved GXSXG motif that is characteristic of hydrolytic enzymes.

Janus-faced enzymes yeast Tgl3p and Tgl5p catalyze lipase and acyltransferase reactions.

In the yeast, mobilization of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is facilitated by the three TAG lipases Tgl3p, Tgl4p, and Tgl5p. Motif search analysis, however, indicated that Tgl3p and Tgl5p do not only contain the TAG lipase motif GXSXG but also an H-(X)(4)-D acyltransferase motif. Interestingly, lipid analysis revealed that deletion of TGL3 resulted in a decrease and overexpression of TGL3 in an increase of glycerophospholipids.

At4g24160, a soluble acyl-coenzyme A-dependent lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase.

Human CGI-58 (for comparative gene identification-58) and YLR099c, encoding Ict1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have recently been identified as acyl-CoA-dependent lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases. Sequence database searches for CGI-58 like proteins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) revealed 24 proteins with At4g24160, a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase family of proteins being the closest homolog. At4g24160 contains three motifs that are conserved across the plant species: a GXSXG lipase motif, a HX(4)D acyltransferase motif, and V(X)(3)HGF, a probable lipid binding motif.

Functional characterization of the phospholipase C activity of Rv3487c and its localization on the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives and persists for prolonged periods within its host in an asymptomatic,latent state and can reactivate years later if the host's immune system weakens. The dormant bacilli synthesize and accumulate triacylglycerol, reputed to be an energy source during latency. Among the phospholipases, phospholipase C plays an important role in the pathogenesis.

Synthesis and turnover of non-polar lipids in yeast.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as in other eukaryotic cells non-polar lipids form a reservoir of energy and building blocks for membrane lipid synthesis. The yeast non-polar lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG) and steryl ester (STE), are synthesized by enzymes with overlapping function. Recently, genes encoding these enzymes were identified and gene products were partially characterized.

Cytosolic triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway in oilseeds. Molecular cloning and expression of peanut cytosolic diacylglycerol acyltransferase.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells. TAG biosynthetic activity was identified in the cytosolic fraction of developing peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cotyledons. This activity was NaF insensitive and acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dependent.

Spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of nonionic, ionic and zwitterionic detergents.

Detergents serve as means of solubilizing biological membranes and thus play an important role in purification and characterization of membrane proteins. We report here a simple method to estimate the amount of detergent bound to a protein or present in an aqueous solution. The method is based on the turbidity caused by the addition of a detergent to triolein.