Effect of a halogen bond on the crystal structure of terphenyldicarboxylic acid derivatives.

The syntheses and structures of dimethyl [1,2:2,3-terphenyl]-1,3-dicarboxylate (1), dimethyl 2,2-diiodo[1,2:2,3-terphenyl]-1,3-dicarboxylate (2), potassium [1,2:2,3-terphenyl]-1,3-dicarboxylate (3) and dimethyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxylate (4) are reported. Neighboring phenyl rings in compounds 1, 3 and 4 have a planar structure (torsion angles are 0.6-4.

Enhancement of intermolecular aggregation on solvent-influenced strong hydrogen-bonded single crystal.

The intermolecular aggregation between the solvent and organic molecules is covered in the current article. 4,4'-(Buta-1,3-diyne-1,4-diyl)dibenzoic acid (DADBA) was used as an organic molecule and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent to create the target compound DADBA-DMSO. The material's hydrogen bonding and intermolecular aggregation were determined by appropriate characterization methods, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis.

1D and 2D coordination polymers with a new rigid chelating linker: diacetylenedisalicylic acid.

Diacetylenedisalicylic acid is a new rigid linker molecule, capable of forming strong chelate bonds with metal cations. Its monosubstituted salts with dimethylamine and sodium form 1D and 2D coordination polymers, whose structures were solved from single crystals, along with the dimethyl ester of diacetylenedisalicylic acid. The structure of the dimethyl ester is characterized by a dense co-facial π-stacking of molecules with a dominance of van der Waals interactions between the stacks.

Identifying Children Likely to Benefit From Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The large overlap between symptoms of acute sinusitis and viral upper respiratory tract infection suggests that certain subgroups of children being diagnosed with acute sinusitis, and subsequently treated with antibiotics, derive little benefit from antibiotic use.

Objective: To assess if antibiotic therapy could be appropriately withheld in prespecified subgroups.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial including 515 children aged 2 to 11 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis based on clinical criteria.

Immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 heterologous boost against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

As part of a multicenter study evaluating homologous and heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccines, we assessed the magnitude, breadth, and short-term durability of binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody (PsVNA) responses following a single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 in adults primed with either Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2 vaccines.

Rapid decline in vaccine-boosted neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits reduced susceptibility to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, requiring a boost to generate protective immunity. We assess the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.

Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations.

Background: Although the three vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that have received emergency use authorization in the United States are highly effective, breakthrough infections are occurring. Data are needed on the serial use of homologous boosters (same as the primary vaccine) and heterologous boosters (different from the primary vaccine) in fully vaccinated recipients.

Methods: In this phase 1-2, open-label clinical trial conducted at 10 sites in the United States, adults who had completed a Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier and had no reported history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection received a booster injection with one of three vaccines: mRNA-1273 (Moderna) at a dose of 100 μg, Ad26.

Individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to estimate the vitamin D dietary requirements in dark-skinned individuals resident at high latitude.

Context And Purpose: There is an urgent need to develop vitamin D dietary recommendations for dark-skinned populations resident at high latitude. Using data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with vitamin D-supplements/fortified foods, we undertook an individual participant data-level meta-regression (IPD) analysis of the response of wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) to total vitamin D intake among dark-skinned children and adults residing at ≥ 40° N and derived dietary requirement values for vitamin D.

Methods: IPD analysis using data from 677 dark-skinned participants (of Black or South Asian descent; ages 5-86 years) in 10 RCTs with vitamin D supplements/fortified foods identified via a systematic review and predefined eligibility criteria.

Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccinations - Preliminary Report.

Background: While Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines are highly effective, breakthrough infections are occurring. Booster vaccinations have recently received emergency use authorization (EUA) for certain populations but are restricted to homologous mRNA vaccines. We evaluated homologous and heterologous booster vaccination in persons who had received an EUA Covid-19 vaccine regimen.

Twisted intramolecular motion arrested in aggregated state emission and the nonlinear optical properties of pyrene pyrazoline derivatives.

Heterocyclic pyrene pyrazoline moieties containing similar structures but with differences in thiophene (PPT), furan (PPF) and pyridine (PPP) substitutions at the terminal molecules were synthesized. Their aggregation behaviour in THF-water mixtures was investigated and results demonstrated that PPT and PPP exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE), whereas PPF exhibited aggregation-induced blue-shifted emission (AIBSE). PPT and PPP provided red-shifted emission, while PPF had observed blue-shifted emission at high water fractions of 70-90%, confirming that aggregation effects played a major role in the molecular structure.

A Virulence Associated Siderophore Importer Reduces Antimicrobial Susceptibility of .

The accessory genomes of many pathogenic bacteria include ABC transporters that scavenge metal by siderophore uptake and ABC transporters that contribute to antimicrobial resistance by multidrug efflux. There are mechanistic and recently recognized structural similarities between siderophore importer proteins and efflux pumps. Here we investigated the influence of siderophore importer YbtPQ on antimicrobial resistance of .

Influence of lattice strain on FeO@carbon catalyst for the destruction of organic dye in polluted water using a combined adsorption and Fenton process.

In this study, 8, 25 and 50 wt% FeO@activated carbon (AC) catalysts were prepared by simple coprecipitation method. The efficiency of the catalysts for the advanced Fenton's oxidation process using methylene blue (MB) as a model substrate was tested. Both modified and unmodified activated carbon catalysts exhibited similar activity towards the Fenton's oxidation process.

Heterologous expression of the Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A stk fimbrial operon suggests a potential for repeat sequence-mediated low-frequency phase variation.

Fimbriae mediate adhesion of Salmonella enterica organisms to the intestinal epithelium, which is an essential step in the pathogenesis process preceding invasion and/or systemic spread. In addition, Salmonella fimbrial genes transcripts were detected in the blood samples from Salmonella infected human patients, which supports the proposal that fimbriae play a role in invasive Salmonella infections. In this study, BlastN-based interrogation of the NCBI bacterial genome database and PCR investigation of Salmonella serovars have shown that the S.

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular and metabolic health of vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Obese children are vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency and impaired cardiovascular health; vitamin D replenishment might improve their cardiovascular health.

Objectives: The aims were to determine, in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children, whether supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 or 2000 IU/d is more effective than 600 IU/d in improving arterial endothelial function, arterial stiffness, central and systemic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (1/fasting insulin concentration), fasting glucose concentration, and lipid profile and to explore whether downregulation of adipocytokines and markers of systemic inflammation underlies vitamin D effects.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-masked, controlled clinical trial in 225 10- to 18-y-old eligible children.

ICEKp2: description of an integrative and conjugative element in Klebsiella pneumoniae, co-occurring and interacting with ICEKp1.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen, prominent in antimicrobial-resistant and nosocomial infection. The integrative and conjugative element ICEKp1 is present in a third of clinical isolates and more prevalent in invasive disease; it provides genetic diversity and enables the spread of virulence-associated genes. We report a second integrative conjugative element that can co-occur with ICEKp1 in K.

Gene Expression and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes of Vitamin D-Deficient Overweight and Obese Black Children.

Associations between whole blood transcriptome and clinical phenotypes in vitamin D-deficient overweight and obese children can provide insight into the biological effects of vitamin D and obesity. We determined differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in relation to body mass index (BMI) in vitamin D-deficient black children with a BMI ≥ 85th percentile and ascertained the cardiometabolic phenotypes associated with the DEGs. We examined whole-blood transcriptome gene expression by RNA sequencing and cardiometabolic profiling in 41, 10- to 18-year-old children.

Integrase-Controlled Excision of Metal-Resistance Genomic Islands in .

Genomic islands (GIs) are discrete gene clusters encoding for a variety of functions including antibiotic and heavy metal resistance, some of which are tightly associated to lineages of the core genome phylogenetic tree. We have investigated the functions of two distinct integrase genes in the mobilization of two metal resistant GIs, G08 and G62, of . Real-time PCR demonstrated integrase-dependent GI excision, utilizing isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside IPTG-inducible integrase genes in plasmid-based mini-GIs in .

Utility of sun-reactive skin typing and melanin index for discerning vitamin D deficiency.

BackgroundSkin color, a vitamin D status determinant, can be assessed subjectively by Fitzpatrick sun-reactive skin typing (FST) and objectively by melanin index (MI). FST was validated against MI for discerning vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <20 ng/ml) in children.MethodsWe measured FST, MI, and serum 25(OH)D in healthy, 8- to 18-year-old children from one of two vitamin D trials.

Estimations of dietary vitamin D requirements in black and white children.

Background: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) dietary guidelines for vitamin D are based on limited pediatric data. Our objective was to estimate the dietary vitamin D requirements for maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations at the various IOM-considered thresholds of vitamin D status (12, 16, and 20 ng/ml) during fall and winter in children.

Methods: Ninety-six healthy 8- to 14-y-old Pittsburgh-area black and white children enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D3 1,000 IU daily for 6 mo with baseline and 2-mo follow-up assessments completed during October through April were studied.

A Site-Specific Integrative Plasmid Found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate HS87 along with A Plasmid Carrying an Aminoglycoside-Resistant Gene.

Plasmids play critical roles in bacterial fitness and evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here two plasmids found in a drug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolate HS87 were completely sequenced.

Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic Ghanaian patients.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative urease-producing bacterium causally linked with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. Infection is more frequent and acquired at an earlier age in developing countries compared to European populations. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic Ghanaian patients was 75.

Determinants of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Infants and Toddlers.

Background: Resurgence of rickets and recognition of excessive prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among all age groups in the western hemisphere have refocused attention on vitamin D nutrition.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D [25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <30ng/mL] and characterize the determinants of 25(OH)D concentrations in 8- to 24-month-old healthy infants and toddlers living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Methods: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured and dietary intake of vitamin D, mode of feeding, summertime sun exposure characteristics, and skin color (sun-reactive skin type and melanin index) were assessed.

Mapping the resistance-associated mobilome of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain reveals insights into factors shaping these regions and facilitates generation of a 'resistance-disarmed' model organism.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the landscape of the mobile genome, with a focus on antibiotic resistance-associated factors in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Methods: The mobile genome of the completely sequenced K. pneumoniae HS11286 strain (an ST11, carbapenem-resistant, near-pan-resistant, clinical isolate) was annotated in fine detail.