A Comparison of the Effects of Different Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Levels on Respiratory Parameters During Prone Positioning Under General Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and objective In general anesthesia, for certain surgical procedures in the prone position, patients often face increased airway pressures, reduced pulmonary and thoracic compliance, and restricted chest expansion, all of which can affect venous return and cardiac output, impacting overall hemodynamic stability. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used to address these issues by improving lung recruitment and ventilation while reducing stress on lung units. However, different PEEP levels also present risks such as increased parenchymal strain, higher pulmonary vascular resistance, and impaired venous return.

Comparison of Fentanyl With Midazolam As Adjuvants to Levobupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Sections: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and objectives Spinal anesthesia stands as a cornerstone for patients undergoing lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), offering advantages like faster onset and high block density. Levobupivacaine, known for its high potency and long-acting nature, has a slower onset. The safety of intrathecal fentanyl or midazolam is evaluated as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine in parturients.

Anaesthetic management of an infant with cleft palate lateral synechiae syndrome.

An infant with restricted mouth opening from birth had presented for cleft lip repair. He had an interalveolar gap of 6 mm and was diagnosed as a case of cleft palate lateral synechiae syndrome. Fibreoptic bronchoscope of appropriate size was not available at the time of the procedure, and we had to device an alternative plan.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate in Reducing Blood Loss in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.

Objectives  The primary concern in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is maintaining a clear and unobstructed surgical field. Achieving this objective necessitates controlled hypotension, which can aid in the surgical dissection process and reduce the overall duration of the operation. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a sole bolus injection of intravenous magnesium sulfate in FESS.

A Comparison of the Effects of Epidural Levobupivacaine and Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia Following Major Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives Epidural analgesia remains the cornerstone of pain management following laparotomy. Local anesthetics used in epidural analgesia provide good analgesia but may result in hypotension and/or motor blockade. Morphine, a long-acting opioid, can also be used epidurally to provide analgesia.

Comparison of Different Carbon Dioxide Insufflation Rates on Hemodynamic Changes in Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction The injury and detrimental effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation during laparoscopic surgeries may be due to the higher flow rates used during insufflation. The aim of our study was to study the effects of different CO2 insufflation flow rates on hemodynamic parameters in laparoscopic surgeries. The secondary objectives were to compare the patient and surgeon satisfaction scores, postoperative shoulder scores, and surgical site pain scores.

Role of diaphragm ultrasound in weaning mechanically ventilated patients: A prospective observational study.

Background And Aims: Weaning from mechanical ventilation based on clinical parameters and rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is associated with a higher weaning failure. Bedside ultrasound of the diaphragm is gaining popularity to assess the diaphragm function. The aim of our study was to determine the use of diaphragm ultrasound in weaning ventilated patients.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Modified BRILMA Block with Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Aims: Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is the standard practice for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of modified BRILMA Block (blocking the BRanches of Intercostal nerves at the Level of Mid-Axillary line) with Subcostal TAP block for pain relief following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Sixty cases scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups: modified BRILMA block (Group B) and Subcostal TAP block (Group T).

Comparison of morphine, dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia-a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aims: An ideal adjuvant to local anesthetic in a nerve block should prolong the duration of analgesia, and hasten the onset of sensory and motor blockade without significant adverse effects. The aim of this study was to compare morphine, dexmedetomidine, and dexamethasone as an additive to ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block (SBPB) for postoperative analgesia.

Material And Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded study, 150 patients undergoing upper extremity surgery were randomly divided into three groups: group A (morphine 5 mg), group B (dexmedetomidine 50 μg), and group C (dexamethasone 8 mg).

A Randomized Observer-Blinded Controlled Trial to Compare Pre-Emptive with Postoperative Ultrasound-Guided Mandibular Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Mandibular Fracture Surgeries.

Background And Aims: Ultrasound-guided (UG) mandibular nerve block is effective for providing postoperative analgesia in mandibular fracture surgeries. The pre-emptive nerve blockade prolongs the duration of postoperative analgesia and reduces the consumption of intraoperative opioids. The aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded study was to compare the efficacy of pre-emptive and postoperative UG mandibular nerve block for postoperative analgesia in mandibular fracture surgeries.

Comparison of laparoscopy-guided with ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block in laparoscopic cholecystectomy - A prospective, randomised study.

Background And Aims: Subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is usually done under ultrasound guidance in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic-guided subcostal TAP block is an alternate technique where ultrasound is not available. Our primary objective was to compare the success rate of ultrasound and laparoscopic approaches to the subcostal TAP block.

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block for post-operative analgesia in unilateral laparoscopic renal surgeries - A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a novel anaesthetic technique for abdominal wall block providing excellent post-operative analgesia. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of post-operative analgesia with QLB in unilateral laparoscopic renal surgeries. The secondary objectives were to assess total morphine consumption during the first 24 h postoperatively and observe for complications.

[Efficacy of different doses and timing of tranexamic acid in major orthopedic surgeries: a randomized trial].

Background: Tranexamic acid was studied in four different dosage regimens and their efficacy was compared for perioperative blood loss reduction, blood transfusion requirements and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) complication.

Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures were divided into five groups containing 40 patients each: Placebo, low dose (bolus 10 mg kg), low dose + maintenance (bolus 10 mg kg + maintenance 1 mg kg hr), high dose (bolus 30 mg kg) and high dose + maintenance (bolus 30 mg kg + maintenance 3 mg kg hr). Surgical blood loss was measured intraoperatively and drains collection in the first 24 hours postoperatively.

A randomised comparative evaluation of supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches to brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries using both ultrasound and nerve stimulator.

Background And Aims: The supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks have a similar distribution of anaesthesia, and both can be used effectively for surgeries of the upper limb. This study aimed to compare the supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches of brachial plexus blocks, guided by ultrasound and neurostimulation.

Methods: Sixty adult patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgery of the elbow and/or below were randomly divided into two groups: infraclavicular Group (I) and supraclavicular Group (S).

[A prospective, randomized, double-blinded control study on comparison of tramadol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine for post spinal anesthesia shivering].

Introduction: Shivering, a common intraoperative problem under spinal anesthesia increases the oxygen consumption considerably and is uncomfortable and distressing to the patient, anesthesiologist as well as surgeon. The present study was designed to explore the effectiveness of tramadol, clonidine and dexmedetomidine in the treatment of post spinal anesthesia shivering and to look for their adverse effects.

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blinded control study was done on 90 patients who developed shivering under spinal anesthesia.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.

Background And Aim: Transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) is a novel procedure to provide postoperative analgesia following inguinal hernia surgery. The utilization of ultrasound has greatly augmented the success rate of this block and additionally avoiding complications. The aim of our study was to gauge the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided TAP block in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair.

Comparative Evaluation of Bolus Administration of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl for Stress Attenuation During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation.

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can cause hypertension and tachycardia which can result in myocardial ischemia or stroke in vulnerable people. The objective of our study was to compare the efficacy of bolus dose of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in attenuating haemodynamic stress responses following laryngoscopy and intubation.

Materials And Methods: Sixty patients who were fixed to undergo elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups.