Structural and Functional Analysis of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) Using Computational and Biochemical Approaches.

Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus is transmitted by its vector Thrips palmi. It is a tri-segmented RNA virus that consists of L, M, and S RNA segments. We analysed the secondary structure features of GBNV proteins through various software and predicted the transmembrane helix, glycosylation, and signal peptidase sites within the GBNV protein sequences (G, G, N, NSm, and NSs).

Polyubiquitin protein of Aedes aegypti as an interacting partner of dengue virus envelope protein.

Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus that comprises four antigenically different serotypes. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) acts as the principal vector for DENV transmission, and vector control is crucial for dengue fever epidemic management. To design effective vector control strategies, a comprehensive understanding of the insect vector and virus interaction is required.

Mucin Protein of Aedes aegypti Interacts with Dengue Virus 2 and Influences Viral Infection.

Dengue, caused by dengue virus (DENV), is the most prevalent vector-borne viral disease, posing a serious health concern to 2.5 billion people worldwide. DENV is primarily transmitted among humans by its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti; hence, the identification of a novel dengue virus receptor in mosquitoes is critical for the development of new anti-mosquito measures.

Understanding the role of insects in the acquisition and transmission of antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global healthcare threat that requires a comprehensive assessment. Poorly regulated antibiotic stewardship in clinical and non-clinical settings has led to a horizontal dissemination of AR. A variety of often neglected elements facilitate the circulation of AR from antibiotic sinks like concentrated animal feeding operations and healthcare settings to other environments that include healthy human communities.

Detection of unprecedented level of antibiotic resistance and identification of antibiotic resistance factors, including QRDR mutations in Escherichia coli isolated from commercial chickens from North India.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance phenotype and simultaneously understand its genetic basis in Escherichia coli isolated from the cloacal swabs of commercial chickens from north India.

Methods And Results: Escherichia coli isolates were assessed for susceptibility to 14 different antibiotics using the disc-diffusion technique and were screened for the presence of 22 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by employing PCR. Isolates were found to be highly resistant to fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid 91%, norfloxacin 73% and ciprofloxacin 66%), tetracycline (71%), beta-lactams (ampicillin 49% and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 37%), co-trimoxazole (48%), streptomycin (31%) and chloramphenicol (28%); and comparatively less resistant to cefazolin (13%), amikacin (10%), aztreonam (4%), gentamicin (4%) and ceftriaxone (3%).

Aedes aegypti lachesin protein binds to the domain III of envelop protein of Dengue virus-2 and inhibits viral replication.

Dengue virus (DENV) comprises of four serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) and is medically one of the most important arboviruses (arthropod-borne virus). DENV infection is a major human health burden and is transmitted between humans by the insect vector, Aedes aegypti. Ae.

Implication of the Whitefly, , Collagen Protein in Begomoviruses Acquisition and Transmission.

Begomoviruses are the largest group of plant viruses transmitted exclusively by the whitefly, (Gennadius), in a persistent, circulative, and nonpropagative manner. Begomoviruses in association with cause enormous loss to world agricultural crops. Transmission, retention, and circulation of begomovirus in are facilitated by its interaction with several proteins of the insect and its endosymbionts.

A thioredoxin-like protein of Bemisia tabaci interacts with coat protein of begomoviruses.

Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) is the sole vector of begomoviruses, which transmits them in a persistent and circulative manner from infected to healthy plants. During this process, begomoviruses interact with various proteins in the insect vector B. tabaci that would play a specific role in the virus transmission.

-induced ER-Mitochondrial calcium dynamics promotes calpain/caspase-12/caspase-9 mediated apoptosis in fish macrophages.

is a natural fish pathogen. It induces apoptosis in headkidney macrophages (HKM) of catfish, sp though the mechanism remains largely unknown. We observed triggers calcium (Ca) insult in the sub-cellular compartments which elicits pro-apototic ER-stress factor CHOP.

Tissue damage induced midgut stem cell proliferation and microbial dysbiosis in Spodoptera litura.

In the past decade, gut microbiota has come to the fore in search for the cause of disregulation in intestinal homeostasis. Here, we report a possible link between gut microbial dynamics and stress-inducing factors using the leaf worm moth Spodoptera litura as a model organism. Investigation reveals that S.

Suppression of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated proinflammatory responses by protein Rv3529c.

Microorganisms are known to devise various strategies to thwart protective responses by the host. One such strategy is to incorporate sequences and domains in their genes/proteins that have similarity to various domains of the host proteins. In this study, we report that protein Rv3529c exhibits significant similarity to the death domain of the TLR pathway adaptor protein MyD88.

Aeromonas hydrophila-induced alterations in cytosolic calcium activate pro-apoptotic cPKC-MEK1/2-TNFα axis in infected headkidney macrophages of Clarias gariepinus.

Alterations in intracellular-calcium (Ca) homeostasis is critical to Aeromonas hydrophila-induced headkidney macrophages (HKM) apoptosis of Clarias gariepinus, though the implications are poorly understood. Here, we describe the role of intermediate molecules of Casignaling pathway that are involved in HKM apoptosis. We observed phosphoinositide-3-kinase/phospholipase C is critical for (Ca) release in infected HKM.

Influence of Groundnut bud necrosis virus on the Life History Traits and Feeding Preference of Its Vector, Thrips palmi.

The effect of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) infection on the life history traits of its vector, Thrips palmi, and its feeding preference on GBNV-infected plants were studied. A significant difference was observed in the developmental period (first instar to adult) between the GBNV-infected and healthy thrips, wherein the developmental period of GBNV-infected thrips was decreased. However, there was no effect on the other parameters such as preadult mortality, adult longevity, and fecundity.

Insecticide resistance status in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci genetic groups Asia-I, Asia-II-1 and Asia-II-7 on the Indian subcontinent.

The present study is a summary of the current level of the insecticide resistance to selected organophosphates, pyrethroids, and neonicotinoids in seven Indian field populations of Bemisia tabaci genetic groups Asia-I, Asia-II-1, and Asia-II-7. Susceptibility of these populations was varied with Asia-II-7 being the most susceptible, while Asia-I and Asia-II-1 populations were showing significant resistance to these insecticides. The variability of the LC values was 7x for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, 5x for monocrotophos and 3x for cypermethrin among the Asia-I, while, they were 7x for cypermethrin, 6x for deltamethrin and 5x for imidacloprid within the Asia-II-1 populations.

Detection and Localization of Wolbachia in Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

Thrips palmi Karny is a globally distributed polyphagous agricultural pest. It causes huge economic loss by its biological behaviors like feeding, reproduction and transmission of tospoviruses. Since T.

Calcium and Superoxide-Mediated Pathways Converge to Induce Nitric Oxide-Dependent Apoptosis in Mycobacterium fortuitum-Infected Fish Macrophages.

Mycobacterium fortuitum causes 'mycobacteriosis' in wide range of hosts although the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate the role of calcium (Ca+2)-signalling cascade on M. fortuitum-induced apoptosis in headkidney macrophages (HKM) of Clarias sp.

Infection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Insects: A Comparative Study of Two Techniques viz PCR and FISH for Detection and Localization of Symbionts in Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

Bacterial endosymbionts have been associated with arthropods and large number of the insect species show interaction with such bacteria. Different approaches have been used to understand such symbiont- host interactions. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly invasive agricultural pest, harbors as many as seven different bacterial endosymbionts.

Suppressive role of neddylation in dendritic cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Multiple strategies evolved by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) have contributed to its successful prevalence. We previously identified specific genes in the cysteine protease and calcium-calmodulin pathways that regulated immune responses from dendritic cells (DCs).

Elimination of Arsenophonus and decrease in the bacterial symbionts diversity by antibiotic treatment leads to increase in fitness of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

Bemisia tabaci is an invasive agricultural pest with more than 24 genetic groups harboring different bacterial endosymbionts categorized into obligatory and facultative endosymbionts. Arsenophonus is one of the facultative endosymbionts prevalent in B. tabaci of Indian sub-continent.

Molecular characterization and diversity analysis of bacterial communities associated with Dialeurolonga malleswaramensis (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults using 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing and FISH.

Dialeurolonga malleswaramensis Sundararaj (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a phytophagous sap sucking insect. It infests Polyalthia longifolia, an important avenue tree of India, effective in alleviating noise pollution and having immense medicinal importance. Samples of this insect were collected from Polyalthia longifolia.

Ameliorating ER-stress attenuates Aeromonas hydrophila-induced mitochondrial dysfunctioning and caspase mediated HKM apoptosis in Clarias batrachus.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress and unfolding protein response (UPR) has not been implied in Aeromonas hydrophila-pathogenicity. We report increased expression of the ER-stress markers: CHOP, BiP and phospho-eIF2α in A. hydrophila-infected headkidney macrophages (HKM) in Clarias batrachus.

Role of calmodulin-calmodulin kinase II, cAMP/protein kinase A and ERK 1/2 on Aeromonas hydrophila-induced apoptosis of head kidney macrophages.

The role of calcium (Ca2+) and its dependent protease calpain in Aeromonas hydrophila-induced head kidney macrophage (HKM) apoptosis has been reported. Here, we report the pro-apoptotic involvement of calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin kinase II gamma (CaMKIIg) in the process. We observed significant increase in CaM levels in A.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Paenibacillus sp. Strain ICGEB2008 (MTCC 5639) Isolated from the Gut of Helicoverpa armigera.

Paenibacillus sp. strain ICGEB2008 (MTCC 5639) is a Gram-positive cellulolytic bacterium, isolated from the gut of Helicoverpa armigera. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp.

The utilization of cranial models created using rapid prototyping techniques in the development of models for navigation training.

Introduction: Navigation in neurosurgery has expanded rapidly; however, suitable models to train end users to use the myriad software and hardware that come with these systems are lacking. Utilizing three-dimensional (3D) industrial rapid prototyping processes, we have been able to create models using actual computed tomography (CT) data from patients with pathology and use these models to simulate a variety of commonly performed neurosurgical procedures with navigation systems.

Aim: To assess the possibility of utilizing models created from CT scan dataset obtained from patients with cranial pathology to simulate common neurosurgical procedures using navigation systems.

Comparative metagenomic analysis of soil microbial communities across three hexachlorocyclohexane contamination levels.

This paper presents the characterization of the microbial community responsible for the in-situ bioremediation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Microbial community structure and function was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing methods for three sets of soil samples. The three samples were collected from a HCH-dumpsite (450 mg HCH/g soil) and comprised of a HCH/soil ratio of 0.