Lung abscess by Streptococcus intermedius: An unusual first case report from India.

A unique case report, probably first case from India, of lung abscess caused by Streptococcus intermedius in a previously untreated patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is reported here. The patient presented with non-productive cough and right-sided chest pain. Microbiological evaluation confirmed the presence of Streptococcus intermedius and the patient responded positively to antibiotic therapy.

Comparative morphometric evaluation of the brainstem in neurodegenerative diseases with healthy individuals using magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: Measurement of a component within the reference value is a widely used parameter in Biomedical Science. This study highlights the value of morphometric changes in healthy individuals' brainstem structure and their application in the detection and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods: This retrospective study included magnetic resonance (MR) images of 50 healthy individuals without neurological diseases, 35 clinically diagnosed individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 12 individuals with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).

Computer-aided diagnosis of liver lesions using CT images: A systematic review.

Background: Medical image processing has a strong footprint in radio diagnosis for the detection of diseases from the images. Several computer-aided systems were researched in the recent past to assist the radiologist in diagnosing liver diseases and reducing the interpretation time. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques in computer-assisted diagnosis systems to predict benign and malignant lesions using computed tomography images.

Automatic Segmentation of Lumen Intima Layer in Longitudinal Mode Ultrasound Images.

We propose an automated method for the segmentation of lumen intima layer of the common carotid artery in longitudinal mode ultrasound images. The method is hybrid, in the sense that a coarse segmentation is first achieved by optimizing a locally defined contrast function of an active oblong considering its five degrees-of-freedom, and subsequently the fine segmentation and delineation of the carotid artery are achieved by post-processing the portion of the ultrasound image spanned by the annulus region of the optimally fitted active oblong. The post-processing includes median filtering and Canny edge detection to retain the lumen intima representative points followed by a smooth curve fitting technique to delineate the lumen intima boundary.

Comparison of MRI & direct MR arthrography with arthroscopy in diagnosing ligament injuries of wrist.

Introduction: Ligament injuries around the wrist leading to chronic wrist pain are often a diagnostic dilemma.Various imaging modalities like wrist radiographs, CT and MRI have been used to improve the diagnostic accuracy. The objective of this study was to assess the value of MRI & direct magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) of the wrist for detecting & evaluating tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) & scapholunate & luno triquetral interosseous ligament (LTIL & SLIL) injuries in comparison with arthroscopy of the wrist.

Comparison of Conventional Techniques and Higher Imaging Modalities in the Evaluation of Relation between the Third Molar and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Canal: A Pilot Study.

Context: Mandibular third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth, and their surgical removal can be associated with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. To avoid the deleterious complication of nerve injury on patients, a thorough visualization of IAN and its localization are essential.

Aims And Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of two conventional localization techniques in determining the relationship of mandibular third molars to IAN and to assess its reliability in comparison with computed tomography (CT).

Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Linear Relationship with Severity of Carotid Atherosclerosis?

Aims: The aim of this study was to correlate serum uric acid (SUA) levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Settings And Design: This study was a cross-sectional observational study on 103 diabetic patients conducted from September 2015 to May 2017.

Subjects And Methods: We screened 103 patients with type 2 DM between the ages of 30-65 years.

Multiresolution image registration for multimodal brain images and fusion for better neurosurgical planning.

Background: Imaging modalities in medicine gives complementary information. Inadequacy in clinical information made single imaging modality insufficient. There is a need for computer-based system that permits rapid acquisition of digital medical images and performs multi-modality registration, segmentation and three-dimensional planning of minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures.

Hand dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently show complications in feet and hands. However, the literature has mostly focused on foot complications. The disease can affect the strength and dexterity of the hands, thereby reducing function.

Homozygosity for a nonsense variant in AIMP2 is associated with a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and spastic quadriparesis.

We ascertained two unrelated consanguineous families with two affected children each having microcephaly, refractory seizures, intellectual disability, and spastic quadriparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed atrophy of cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord, prominent cisterna magna, symmetric T2 hypo-intensities in the bilateral basal ganglia and thinning of corpus callosum. Whole-exome sequencing of three affected individuals revealed c.

Efficacy of low level laser therapy on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Background & Aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) accounts for most common complications of T2DM. Painful DPN is associated with functional limitation & poor quality of life. Therefore, objective of the study is to find the effect of low level laser therapy on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Materials & methods: The study design is pre-post observational design.

Hepatic tuberculosis: a multimodality imaging review.

Objectives: We aim to illustrate the multimodal imaging spectrum of hepatic involvement in tuberculosis (TB). Whilst disseminated tuberculosis on imaging typically manifests as multiple small nodular lesions scattered in the liver parenchyma, isolated hepatic tuberculosis remains a rare and intriguing entity.

Methods: Indubitably, imaging is the mainstay for detection of tubercular hepatic lesions which display a broad spectrum of imaging manifestations on different modalities.

Accessory pancreatic duct patterns and their clinical implications.

Context And Objective: Accessory pancreatic duct (APD) designed to reduce the pressure of major pancreatic duct by forming a secondary drainage channel. Few studies have mentioned the variant types of accessory ducts and their mode of formation, some of these have a clear clinical significance. Present study is aimed to evaluate the possible variations in the APD and its terminations.

A study on the human pancreaticobiliary duct system and ampulla region with their clinical considerations.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to present the variations of the pancreatic duct system and hepatopancreatic ampulla so that an awareness of these variations may help in surgical planning and prevention of ductal injury.

Methods: Forty human pancreatic specimens were used to study the duct pattern of the pancreas and the formation and mode of termination of the pancreatic ducts. Also, the patency of the main pancreatic ducts, length of the hepatopancreatic ampulla, and length of the main pancreatic duct were measured.

Intrinsic foot muscle and plantar tissue changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with involvement of the neurovascular and muscular system. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is thought to be the principal cause of foot complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, foot evaluation using ultrasonography early in the course of diabetes has not gained due importance.

Morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging of anterior cruciate ligament and measurement of secondary signs of anterior cruciate ligament tear.

Unlabelled: Injuries or over-stretching of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may lead to its malfunctioning. ACL tear, partial or complete, canto the result of contact or non-contact injuries. To conduct morphometry of ACL, twenty six knees (14 right and 12 left) were examined in 21 male and 5 female formalin fixed cadavers.

Ectatic left circumflex artery with fistula to coronary sinus presenting with inferior wall myocardial infarction.

Coronary arteriovenous fistulae are a rare but potentially curable cause of ischaemic heart disease and should be considered as a differential diagnosis especially in patients lacking classical risk factors for coronary artery disease. We discuss one such case of cardiac ischaemia resulting from a coronary arteriovenous fistula. While there are sporadic case reports of similar patients in medical literature, our patient is the first reported case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction secondary to the fistulous connection.

Tuberculous mediastinal abscess as a paradoxical reaction in an immunocompetent individual.

A 22-year-old man, diagnosed 7 weeks before with pulmonary tuberculosis and started on antitubercular therapy, presented with non-exertional retrosternal chest pain since the past week. He was diagnosed on the strength of thoracic radiograms and CT imaging to have a mediastinal abscess, which was percutaneously drained. He was continued on the same regimen of drugs.

Case Report-Inguinoscrotal ureteral hernia diagnosed on micturating cystourethrography.

The presence of a ureter within an inguinal hernia is an extremely rare entity, usually discovered incidentally during herniorrhaphy and may pose a surgical risk. Early preoperative diagnosis is crucial to guide proper surgical approach and to preserve renal function.

CT features, mimics and atypical presentations of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

The term stromal tumor was coined in 1983 by Clark and Mazur for smooth muscle neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are nonepithelial tumors arising from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which express KIT protein-CD117 on immunohistochemistry. GIST can arise anywhere in the GIT, including the mesentery, omentum, and retroperitoneum.

Morphometry and CT measurements of useful bony landmarks of skull base.

Objective: Aim of this study was to determine the distance between Henle's spine (HS) on the temporal bone to the clinically important bony landmarks on the dry skulls that will act as a guide in various surgical procedures on skull base. Distances from the head of malleus (HOM) to surgically relevant landmarks were also studied on CT images.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine adult preserved dry skulls were studied bilaterally.