Publications by authors named "Raj Prasad"
Background: Cyberbullying is an act of bullying that is conducted through the use of technology in an online mode such as over social media platforms or via text-based messages. It is an intentionally repeated aggressive activity in which harm is inflicted on a person using electronic media. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of workplace cyberbullying in undergraduate students inmedical and dental streams.
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- Sir Roy Calne highlighted the challenges of biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation, especially for patients with certain conditions like short-gut syndrome and biliary atresia.
- A unique biliary bypass technique was successfully used in the third liver transplant of a child, involving a sleeve from the stomach's greater curvature.
- The patient has thrived for nearly a decade post-transplant, suggesting this innovative method could be valuable for surgeons facing complex retransplant cases.
Objectives: Machine perfusion of liver grafts has gained popularity for its abilities to preserve liver grafts,reduce cold storage damage, and evaluate graft viability before transplant. However, debate persists regarding the optimal solutions, logistics, and biomarkers for assessing graft quality. To shed light on the lengthy debates surrounding the use of machine perfusion in liver graft preservation,this study utilized bibliometric analysis to evaluate the status and development trends of main research areas.
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- - Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths, with about 50% of patients developing liver metastases, for which liver resection (LR) has been the main treatment but is only suitable for 20% of cases.
- - Liver transplantation (LT) faced challenges in the 1990s due to high surgery risks but has gained renewed interest with advancements in therapies and techniques, showing promising survival rates.
- - Recent studies, especially by the Oslo group and in the Norwegian SECA trials, highlight improved patient selection and imaging techniques, paving the way for LT as a viable curative option for carefully chosen colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases.
Article Synopsis
- The U.S. has made major progress in organ transplantation research over the past 50 years, reflected in increased academic output and the need for ongoing evaluations of the field.
- A bibliometric analysis of transplantation journals revealed that the U.S. produced 25,956 research papers, which is 37.7% of global output, with Canada being the main collaborator.
- Key institutions leading the research include the University of Pittsburgh and Mayo Clinic, with a focus on recipient outcomes and graft success, indicating a strong emphasis on improving patient results in transplantation.
Background: As the field of transplantation has expanded, so have the quantity and variety of articles published on the topic. Evaluation of publications and journals is crucial to the expansion of transplant research. This study investigated the research output and journal metrics of the leading solid organ transplant journals published between 2011 and 2021 based on estimations of the trends in the category CiteScore from the Scopus database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) were commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology liver section. The guideline writing committee included a multidisciplinary team of experts from various specialties involved in the management of CCA, as well as patient/public representatives from AMMF (the Cholangiocarcinoma Charity) and PSC Support. Quality of evidence is presented using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) format.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall-for-size syndrome (SFSS) following living donor liver transplantation is a complication that can lead to devastating outcomes such as prolonged poor graft function and possibly graft loss. Because of the concern about the syndrome, some transplants of mismatched grafts may not be performed. Portal hyperperfusion of a small graft and hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation are recognized as main pathogenic factors for the syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, California, United States) is a chatbot powered by language-based artificial intelligence (AI). It generates text based on the information provided by users. It is currently being evaluated in medical research, publishing, and healthcare.
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- Resection is the only curative treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, but it carries high risks of complications and potential for disease recurrence, prompting the need to identify patients who may not benefit from surgery.
- This study analyzed data from 27 referral centers and developed a scoring system based on several clinical factors (e.g., ASA score, bilirubin levels, tumor size) to predict which patients fall into a "futile group," where surgical outcomes are unfavorable.
- The scoring system categorizes patients into low, intermediate, and high-risk classes, providing a useful tool to determine whether surgery or alternative treatments would be more appropriate based on preoperative assessments.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates portal vein obstruction (PVO) in pediatric liver transplant patients, focusing on its prevalence, treatment practices, and outcomes through a global collaboration of 25 medical centers.
- - It utilizes a registry to gather data from patients diagnosed with PVO between 2001 and 2021, aiming to measure factors like treatment success and complications following interventions.
- - Approved by an ethics board, the study plans to share findings in academic journals and conferences, contributing to the understanding of PVO management post-liver transplantation.
Background & Aims: PIEZO1 and TRPV4 are mechanically and osmotically regulated calcium-permeable channels. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance and relationship of these channels in the contractile tone of the hepatic portal vein, which experiences mechanical and osmotic variations as it delivers blood to the liver from the intestines, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen.
Methods: Wall tension was measured in freshly dissected portal veins from adult male mice, which were genetically unmodified or modified for either a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 or endothelial-specific PIEZO1 deletion.
Purpose: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is commonly found in females of reproductive age. In males, the diagnosis is made more cautiously due to its lower incidence and higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, which can have overlapping imaging features. Follow-up or biopsy is sometimes required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Children with acute liver failure (ALF) who meet the criteria are eligible for super-urgent transplantation, whereas children with end-stage chronic liver disease (ESCLD) are usually transplanted electively. Pediatric liver trans plantation (PLT) in ALF and ESCLD settings has been well described in the literature, but there are no studies comparing the outcomes in these two groups.
Aim: To determine if there is a difference in post-operative complications and survival outcomes between ALF and ESCLD in PLT.
Background: Liver transplantation (LT) for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRCLM) demonstrates good overall survival for selected patients in contemporary studies, with 5-year survival of 80%. A Fixed Term Working Group (FTWG), set up by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) Liver Advisory Group (LAG), advised whether CRCLM should be considered for LT in United Kingdom. Their recommendation was that LT may be undertaken for isolated and unresectable CRCLM using strict selection criteria as a national clinical service evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: Studies have demonstrated that liver transplantation may be an effective treatment for isolated unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Published data suggest that 5-year survival may be as high as 80%; however, recurrent disease is commonplace. Consequently, the Liver Transplantation for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases Fixed Term Working Unit recommended to the NHS Blood and Transplant Liver Advisory Group that while CRCLM is an appropriate indication for transplantation, selection criteria should be conservative and that it should be undertaken within a clinical service evaluation programme.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Post hepatectomy liver failure is the most common cause of death following major hepatic resections with a perioperative mortality rate between 40% to 60%. Various strategies have been devised to increase the volume and function of future liver remnant (FLR). This study aims to review the strategies used for volume and flow modulation to reduce the incidence of post hepatectomy liver failure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is currently a contraindication to liver transplantation (LT) in the United Kingdom (UK). Incidental CCA occurs rarely in some patients undergoing LT. We report on retrospective outcomes of patients with incidental CCA from six UK LT centres.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: This meta-analysis aimed to compare progression to surgery, extent of liver hypertrophy, and postoperative outcomes in patients planned for major hepatectomy following either portal vein embolization (PVE) or dual vein embolization (DVE) for management of an inadequate future liver remnant (FLR).
Methods: An electronic search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases using both medical subject headings (MeSH) and truncated word searches. Articles comparing PVE with DVE up to January 2022 were included.
Autonomous robotic Ultrasound (US) scanning has been the subject of research for more than 2 decades. However, little work has been done to apply this concept into a minimally invasive setting, in which accurate force sensing is generally not available and robot kinematics are unreliable due to the tendon-driven, compliant robot structure. As a result, the adequate orientation of the probe towards the tissue surface remains unknown and the anatomy reconstructed from scan may become highly inaccurate.
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