Sequential Time to Positivity as a Prognostic Indicator in Bacteremia.

Background: We aimed to determine the factors associated with sequential blood culture time to positivity (STTP) and validate the previously defined time to positivity (TTP) ratio threshold of 1.5 in predicting adverse disease outcomes and mortality of bacteremia (SAB).

Methods: We conducted an observational study of adult patients with SAB.

Coronary Stent Infections - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Coronary stent infection (CSI) represents a rare but potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). A systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports was performed to profile CSI and its management strategies.

Methods: Online database searches were performed using MeSH and keywords.

Pharmacist adjustment of preoperative antibiotic orders to the preferred preoperative antibiotic cefazolin for patients with penicillin allergy labeling.

Purpose: Emerging literature has detailed the safe use of cefazolin in patients with immunoglobulin E-mediated penicillin allergy labeling (PAL) such as hives and anaphylaxis. The purpose of this article is to detail efforts led by an antimicrobial stewardship pharmacist working with an interdisciplinary team to optimize preoperative antimicrobials in patients with PAL.

Methods: A pharmacist-led, interdisciplinary collaborative practice agreement (CPA) was activated in January 2020 to permit pharmacists to independently optimize preoperative antibiotics to the preferred cefazolin in patients with PAL if nonsevere or severe reactions had been reported.

The skip phenomenon in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: clinical implications.

Serial blood cultures (BCs) are integral in managing Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) to determine complication risks and treatment response. Several studies recognized the skip phenomenon (SP)- the occurrence of intermittent negative BCs and recommend obtaining additional BCs to document clearance. We examined patients with SP to determine its clinical significance.

Incidence of Monomicrobial Bacteremia: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota-2006 to 2020.

Background: Population-based studies of bacteremia (SAB) in the United States are limited. We provide a contemporary evaluation of SAB incidence in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2006 to 2020.

Methods: This was a retrospective population-based study of all adult patients with SAB residing in Olmsted County from 1 January 2006 through 31 December 2020.

Temporal Trends of Infective Endocarditis in North America From 2000 to 2017-A Systematic Review.

Background: The objective of this paper was to examine temporal changes of infective endocarditis (IE) incidence and epidemiology in North America.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2020.

Clinical Significance of in a Single Positive Blood Culture Bottle.

Clinical significance of a single positive blood culture bottle (SPBCB) with is unclear. We aimed to assess the significance of an SPBCB by looking at the associated outcomes. We performed a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with an SPBCB with using data collected from both electronic health records and the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Patients with Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia.

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).

Methods: A retrospective institutional review was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Patients aged ≥18 years with SAB who developed NVO from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2020 were included and 3-month follow-up data were abstracted.

E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) masquerading as COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, has caused a global pandemic resulting in over 4 million deaths globally (data current as of 14 July 2021). E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a type of acute lung injury of unclear pathogenesis. The two pathologies present with overlapping clinical symptoms, laboratory values and imaging, making them difficult to distinguish, especially in the setting of a global COVID-19 pandemic.

A Framework for Outpatient Infusion of Antispike Monoclonal Antibodies to High-Risk Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease-19: The Mayo Clinic Model.

The administration of spike monoclonal antibody treatment to patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 is very challenging. This article summarizes essential components and processes in establishing an effective spike monoclonal antibody infusion program. Rapid identification of a dedicated physical infrastructure was essential to circumvent the logistical challenges of caring for infectious patients while maintaining compliance with regulations and ensuring the safety of our personnel and other patients.

Outcomes of COVID-19 With the Mayo Clinic Model of Care and Research.

Objective: To report the Mayo Clinic experience with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related to patient outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with COVID-19 diagnosed between March 1, 2020, and July 31, 2020, at any of the Mayo Clinic sites. We abstracted pertinent comorbid conditions such as age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index variables, and treatments received.

Association between high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia - A retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of high (≥ 1.5 mg/L) vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (VMIC) in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (MRSAB). A retrospective study was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Minnesota.

Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment: a review of evidence.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel β-coronavirus, belonging to the same subgenus as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus. Remdesivir, an investigational broad-spectrum antiviral agent has previously demonstrated in vitro activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and in vivo efficacy against other related coronaviruses in animal models. Its safety profile has been tested in a compassionate use setting for patients with COVID-19.

GM-CSF Neutralization With Lenzilumab in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case-Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of lenzilumab in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Methods: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and risk factors for poor outcomes were treated with lenzilumab 600 mg intravenously for three doses through an emergency single-use investigational new drug application. Patient characteristics, clinical and laboratory outcomes, and adverse events were recorded.

Prospective Validation of PREDICT and Its Impact on the Transesophageal Echocardiography Use in Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is the most feared complication of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is generally recommended for all patients with SAB; however, supporting data for this are limited. We previously developed a scoring system, "PREDICT," that quantifies the risk of IE and identifies patients who would most benefit most from undergoing TEE.