Treatment of PFAS-containing landfill leachate using an enhanced contact plasma reactor.

A bench-scale plasma reactor was used to degrade poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill leachate samples obtained from three different locations. In the leachate samples before treatment, five long-chain, six short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and eight PFAA precursors were detected in a wide concentration range (~10 to 10 ng/L; total oxidizable precursors (TOP) ~10 ng/L). The concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) plus perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) ranged between 2000 and 3000 ng/L.

Removal of Poly- and Per-Fluorinated Compounds from Ion Exchange Regenerant Still Bottom Samples in a Plasma Reactor.

"High-concentration" and "low-concentration" bench-scale batch plasma reactors were used to effectively degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at a high concentration (∼100 mg/L) and a low concentration (<1 μg/L), respectively, in ion exchange (IX) regenerant still bottom (SB) solutions. In the SBs, numerous PFAS were detected with a wide concentration range (∼0.01 to 100 mg/L; total oxidizable precursors (TOP) ∼4000 to 10000 mg/L).

Rapid Removal of Poly- and Perfluorinated Compounds from Investigation-Derived Waste (IDW) in a Pilot-Scale Plasma Reactor.

A pilot-scale plasma reactor installed into an 8 × 20 ft mobile trailer was used to rapidly and effectively degrade poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from liquid investigation-derived waste (IDW; development and purge water from monitoring wells) obtained from 13 different site investigations at Air Force installations. In the raw water, numerous PFAS were detected in a wide concentration range (∼10-10 ng/L; total oxidizable precursors (TOP) ∼10-10 ng/L, total fluorine by combustion ion chromatography ∼10 to 5 × 10 ng F/L). The concentration of total PFAS (12 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs)) in the 13 samples ranged between 2.

Breakdown Products from Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) Degradation in a Plasma-Based Water Treatment Process.

Byproducts produced when treating perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in water using a plasma treatment process intentionally operated to treat these compounds slowly to allow for byproduct accumulation were quantified. Several linear chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) (C4 to C7) were identified as byproducts of both PFOA and PFOS treatment. PFOA, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) were also found to be byproducts from PFOS degradation.

Seasonal variation of the dominant allergenic fungal aerosols - One year study from southern Indian region.

Quantitative estimations of fungal aerosols are important to understand their role in causing respiratory diseases to humans especially in the developing and highly populated countries. In this study we sampled and quantified the three most dominantly found allergenic airborne fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria alternata from ambient PM samples using the quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique in a southern tropical Indian region, for one full year. Highest concentrations of A.

Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution by pulsed corona discharge treatment: Effect of different water constituents, degradation pathway and toxicity assay.

A multiple pin-plane corona discharge reactor was used to generate plasma for the degradation of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from the aqueous solution. The 2,4-D of concentration 1 mg/L was completely removed within 6 min of plasma treatment. Almost complete mineralization was achieved after the treatment time of 14 min for a 2,4-D concentration of 10 mg/L.

Rapid degradation, mineralization and detoxification of pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous solution during pulsed corona discharge treatment.

In the present study, plasma generated by pulsed corona discharge was used for the degradation of diclofenac, carbamazepine and ciprofloxacin. Pollutants in aqueous solution were plasma treated under two categories: single and mixed pollutant condition. Mixed pollutant condition showed an antagonistic behaviour and thus the degradation time was higher for mixed condition compared to the single condition.

Terrestrial Macrofungal Diversity from the Tropical Dry Evergreen Biome of Southern India and Its Potential Role in Aerobiology.

Macrofungi have long been investigated for various scientific purposes including their food and medicinal characteristics. Their role in aerobiology as a fraction of the primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), however, has been poorly studied. In this study, we present a source of macrofungi with two different but interdependent objectives: (i) to characterize the macrofungi from a tropical dry evergreen biome in southern India using advanced molecular techniques to enrich the database from this region, and (ii) to assess whether identified species of macrofungi are a potential source of atmospheric PBAPs.