[Instruments for assessing stress in Brazilians: an integrative review].

Introduction: Numerous instruments have been developed around the world to assess stress. This study aimed to identify instruments with validation studies that mapping stress in Brazil.

Method: an integrative review was carried out on databases and the Testing System of the Federal Council of Psychology (SATEPSI) in June 2017 and updated this year.

Perceived childhood adversities: Impact of childhood trauma to estimated intellectual functioning of individuals with bipolar disorder.

Maltreatments in childhood may have implications for neurodevelopment that could remain throughout life. Childhood trauma seems to be associated with the onset of bipolar disorder (BD), and its occurrence might accentuate the overall disease impairments related to cognitive deficits in BD. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a history of childhood trauma to estimated intellectual functioning (IQ) of individuals with BD.