[Balancing family and career for female physicians in Germany: insights from a survey of female urologists].

Background: The shortage of skilled labor in medicine is one of the most pressing challenges in healthcare. The increasing number of women in medicine, particularly in the field of urology, raises questions about the compatibility of family and career, especially concerning the work environment and working time models.

Objective: The aim of this study is to capture the impact of motherhood on the professional lives of female physicians and scientists in the field of urology in Germany.

[Factors influencing job satisfaction of female urologists-results of a survey by the German Society of Urology (DGU)].

Introduction: Job satisfaction is a valuable good. However, literature on job satisfaction of female and male physicians, especially in the field of urology, is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate job satisfaction among female members of the German Society of Urology (DGU).

Salvage Radiotherapy versus Observation for Biochemical Recurrence following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: A Matched Pair Analysis.

Background: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) improves oncologic outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, evidence on hard clinical endpoints is scarce. We compare long-term oncologic outcomes of SRT versus no radiotherapy (noRT) in patients with BCR after RP.

Anesthetic Technique (Spinal vs. General Anesthesia) in Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Retrospective Analysis of Procedural and Functional Outcomes among 1,159 Patients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare procedural efficacy, early and late functional outcomes in holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) under spinal anesthesia (SA) versus general anesthesia (GA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing HoLEP at our institution between 2012 and 2017. Standard pre-, peri-, and postoperative characteristics were compared according to anesthetic technique.

Prostate Cancer Grade and Stage Misclassification in Active Surveillance Candidates: Black Versus White Patients.

Background: Misclassification rates defined as upgrading, upstaging, and upgrading and/or upstaging have not been tested in contemporary Black patients relative to White patients who fulfilled criteria for very-low-risk, low-risk, or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This study aimed to address this void.

Methods: Within the SEER database (2010-2015), we focused on patients with very low, low, and favorable intermediate risk for prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and had available stage and grade information.

Assessing the Outcome of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate by Age, Prostate Volume, and a History of Blood Thinning Agents: Report from a Single-Center Series of >1800 Consecutive Cases.

To assess perioperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in a real-world scenario and with a focus on demanding patient factors, such as large prostate size, advanced patient age, and anticoagulation therapy (AT). We retrospectively analyzed HoLEP procedures at our institution between 2010 and 2016. After stratification by prostate volume, age, and AT, perioperative and early voiding characteristics were compared.

Association of neurovascular bundle preservation with oncological outcomes in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

Objective: To investigate the oncologic safety of neurovascular bundles (NVB) preservation at radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with high-risk and/or locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa).

Material And Methods: Within a two-institutional high-volume center database we identified patients who harbored high-risk PCa at RP (2000-2017). Only patients with D'Amico high-risk PCa were included.

Retrograde ejaculation after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)-Impact on sexual function and evaluation of patient bother using validated questionnaires.

Background: A vast body of literature has focused on erectile function after Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). Interestingly, retrograde ejaculation (RE), despite its frequency has sparsely been investigated.

Objectives: To study patient perception and impact of RE on sexuality following HoLEP.

Combined systematic versus stand-alone multiparametric MRI-guided targeted fusion biopsy: nomogram prediction of non-organ-confined prostate cancer.

Objective: Based on unfavorable oncological and functional outcomes of non-organ-confined (NOC) prostate cancer (PCa), defined as ≥ pT3, pN1 or both, we aimed to develop a NOC prediction tool based on multiparametric MRI-guided targeted fusion biopsy (TBx).

Materials And Methods: Analyses were restricted to 594 patients with simultaneous PCa detection at systematic biopsy (SBx), TBx and subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) at our institution. Development (n = 396; cohort 1) and validation cohorts (n = 198; cohort 2) were used to develop and validate the NOC nomogram.

Validation of the updated eighth edition of AJCC for prostate cancer: Removal of pT2 substages - Does extent of tumor involvement matter?

Background: Updates in the eighth edition of the AJCC prostate cancer staging manual include removal of the organ-confined (pT2) substages.

Methods: Retrospective analyses of 12,028 pT2 patients that underwent radical prostatectomy between 2003 and 2016 and did not receive neo- or adjuvant treatments. Kaplan-Meier curves as well as multivariable Cox-regression analyses compared biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastatic progression (MP) and overall mortality (OM) between the 3 subcategories (pT2a, pT2b and pT2c).

Effect of bladder neck sparing at robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy on postoperative continence rates and biochemical recurrence.

Objectives: Previous studies reported improved continence recovery by bladder neck sparing (BNS) in prostate cancer patients treated with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP), without compromising biochemical recurrence (BCR). We compared the continence outcomes, surgical margin rates, and BCR risk of BNS vs. bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) patients during RALP.

Impact of positive surgical margin length and Gleason grade at the margin on biochemical recurrence in patients with organ-confined prostate cancer.

Background: Positive surgical margins (PSMs) represent a poor prognostic factor at radical prostatectomy (RP). To investigate the impact of PSM, its length, the focality, and the PSM Gleason, on biochemical recurrence (BCR) in organ-confined RP patients.

Methods: Within a high-volume center database, we identified patients who harbored organ-confined (pathologic stage T2 disease) prostate cancer (PCa) at RP (2010-2016).

Regression Discontinuity Analysis of Salvage Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer.

There is a lack of randomized evidence comparing early (eSRT) to late (lSRT) salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, the existing evidence is often affected by lead-time bias. We sought to address this gap in a cohort of 1458 PCa patients undergoing SRT for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP in two tertiary care centers between 1992 and 2013.

Increase in the Annual Rate of Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Contemporary Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database.

Background: Reported recommendations against prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening may have negatively affected the rates of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa).

Objectives: To investigate the annual rate of newly diagnosed mPCa and changes in disease characteristic at presentation over time in a large North American patient cohort.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2014) we identified 12 939 patients newly diagnosed with mPCa.

Trend of Adverse Stage Migration in Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Background: Two recent European studies showed an increasing proportion of non-organ-confined (NOC; pathologic stages T3-4) prostate cancer (PCa) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.

Objective: To determine if the trend for NOC and pT3-4 PCa is also evident among contemporary North American patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010-2014), we identified 58 558 patients with clinically localized PCa treated with RP.

Prostate cancer prognosis in men with other malignancies prior to radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: Cancer survivors are often diagnosed with subsequent prostate cancer. To improve medical care of these patients, we examined the oncological outcomes in men with prostate cancer and a cancer history.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 25,422 prostate cancer patients, who underwent a radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2016.

External Validation of the European Association of Urology Biochemical Recurrence Risk Groups to Predict Metastasis and Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy in a European Cohort.

The impact of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical treatment of prostate cancer on oncological outcomes remains unclear. A new European Association of Urology BCR risk stratification (low and high risk) has been proposed. To validate these risk groups, we retrospectively analyzed data for 1125 post-radical prostatectomy (RP) BCR patients (surgery between 1992 and 2006).

Tumor characteristics, oncological and functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy in very young men ≤ 45 years of age.

Purpose: Age is an important prognostic factor for functional and oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). Considering the long life-expectancy of young patients (≤ 45 years), it remains important to examine their outcomes.

Methods: Of 16.

Impact of the estimated blood loss during radical prostatectomy on functional outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the estimated blood loss (BL) during radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (CaP) on functional outcomes. We hypothesized that the estimated BL during RP for clinically localized CaP does not affect the functional outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent open RP (ORP) or robotic-assisted laparoscopic RP (RALP) were identified.

Persistent Prostate-Specific Antigen After Radical Prostatectomy and Its Impact on Oncologic Outcomes.

Background: Persistent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) represents a poor prognostic factor for recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Objective: To investigate the impact of persistent PSA at 6wk after RP on long-term oncologic outcomes and to assess patient characteristics associated with persistent PSA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Within a high-volume center database we identified patients who harbored persistent (≥0.

The Impact of Anxiety and Depression on Surgical and Functional Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy.

Background: Depression and anxiety are associated with worse surgical outcomes and higher complication rates among various types of general or orthopedic surgeries.

Objective: To assess the impact of depression and anxiety on surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes in radical prostatectomy (RP) patients.

Data, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective analysis of 5862 RP patients (2014-2016).

Impact of Age on Perioperative Outcomes at Radical Prostatectomy: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) represents one standard of care for patients with localized prostate cancer and is associated with several established postoperative complications.

Objective: We tested the relationship between RP early postoperative outcomes and age within a population-based data repository.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Within the National Inpatient Sample database (2008-2013), we identified patients who underwent robotically assisted or open RP.

Radical prostatectomy after previous TUR-P: Oncological, surgical, and functional outcomes.

Objectives: To examine oncological, surgical, and functional outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with history of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 18,681 RP-patients including 470 patients with previous TUR-P at a single institution (2002-2015). Kaplan-Meier as well as multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses compared surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes between TUR-P and non-TUR-P patients after propensity score matching (nearest neighbor in a 1:3 fashion).

Inverse stage migration patterns in North American patients undergoing local prostate cancer treatment: a contemporary population-based update in light of the 2012 USPSTF recommendations.

Purpose: Recent studies demonstrated ongoing inverse stage migration in prostate cancer (PCa) patients towards more advanced and unfavorable tumors. The USPSTF grade D recommendation may impact this trend in North American patients. We assessed contemporary stage migration and treatment trends in a large North American cohort diagnosed with PCa 2009-2014.

External validation of the novel International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Gleason grading groups in a large contemporary Canadian cohort.

Introduction: We sought to test the discriminatory ability of the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Gleason grading groups (GGG) for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in a large, contemporary, Canadian cohort.

Methods: A total of 621 patients who underwent RARP in two major Canadian centres were identified in a prospectively maintained Canadian database between 2006 and 2016. Followup endpoint was BCR.